Metamorphosis Kafka Isolation Essay - 889 Words

Gregor Samsa’s State of Isolation Societal isolation. It’s a condition that can affect anyone, regardless of their wealth or social class. It can affect the rich, the poor, the old, the young, anyone really. It is a timeless problem that has plagued society since the beginning. Franz Kafka’s book, The Metamorphosis, helps us answer the question of the causes and effects of societal isolation, and how societal isolation can affect the individual. The main character of Kafka’s book, The Metamorphosis, is a normal, everyday salesman named Gregor Samsa who happens to wake up one day only to find that he had suddenly become a hideous insect overnight. Throughout the book, Gregor experiences neglect, disgust, and eventually complete isolation†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"His mother was not used to the sight of Gregor, he might have made her ill, so Gregor hurried backwards to the far end of the couch†(Kafka 28). Even though they know he is an insect, they feel so repulsed by Gregorâ€℠¢s new form that their disgust completely outweighs the love they felt for Gregor. Kafka’s writing about the family’s reaction to Gregor’s new appearance can be compared to how people are often isolated in the real world for reasons beyond their control like social caste, physical unattractiveness, race, gender, and other factors that may be seen as unappealing to some people, but are all traits that are really only on the outside. These traits do not define a person, similarly to how Gregor is still human inside, but is a disgusting insect on the outside. Gregor endures his personal hell for quite a surprisingly long time. His sister is one of the only people who still talks to Gregor, but eventually, she couldn’t take it any longer. â€Å"They were emptying his room out; taking away everything that was dear to him; they had already taken his fretsaw and other tools†(Kafka 28). As time goes on, Gregor feels like he is gradually being stripped of his humanity especially after his room was cleaned out by his family. Eventually, his sister deems Gregor as inhuman, saying that if the insect was still Gregor, he would have left by then. Gregor’s father and mother both seem to agree with Grete that Gregor must go; thatShow MoreRelatedIsolation and Feelings in Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pageslove, and money that a person sometimes invests get thrown back in their face once something drastic happens. In turn, this causes feelings of worthlessness and isolation and can eventually lead to death. Franz Kafka understands this better than anyone else and can portray this in his novella, the Metamorphosis. In his novella, The Metamorphosis, the protagonist, Gregor Samsa is one who undergoes a physical and mental transformation due to the unrelenting pressures that his father placed upon him whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Kafka s The Metamorphosis 989 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Freedman’s critical essay titled â€Å"Kafka’s Obscurity† on Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis delves into the idea that from changes in the protagonist’s physical limitations, familial bonds, and his being â€Å"[he] is finally reduced to a mere speck of self-awareness which is ultimately extinguished† (Freedman 131). General questions of â€Å"why† and â€Å"how† are almost immediately dismissed due to the calm and monotonous tone that Kafka implements throughout the novel. Instead, the reader is encouraged toRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1205 Words   |  5 PagesManolya Osman CLAS 170 7 December 2016 Essay 12 In the novel The Metamorphosis, author Franz Kafka transforms Gregor Samsa, an average citizen working as a commercial retailer, into a vermin. This transformation and the effects of such transformation on both his family and himself directly correlate to the messages Ovid portrays in Metamorphoses. While both works convey the ideas that a human s situation in life is always temporary, lust leads to unfavorable circumstances, and that the stubbornRead MoreMetamorphosis Alienation Essay970 Words   |  4 Pages Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Alienation Essay Alienation is the primary theme in Kafkas The Metamorphosis. Much of early twentieth-century literature makes as its basic premise that man is alienated from his fellow humans and forced to work in dehumanizing jobs in order to survive. There is no choice for most in this matter. Gregor Samsa, the protagonist in The Metamorphosis, awakes from a dream to find he has become an insect. He wonders what happened, and tells himself it is notRead MoreSociety’s Effect in Peter Shaffer’s Equus and Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1269 Words   |  6 PagesPeter Shaffer and Franz Kafka, the authors of Equus and Metamorphosis, reveal through their main characters’ struggles how society’s oppression causes a loss of identity. This oppression is caused by society’s obsession with what it believes to be normal and how society’s beliefs drive it to conform those who don’t fit its normal image. The two authors use their characters to symbolize the different views and judgments of society. And based on these judgments, the authors use two different typesRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s Just Like Gregor Samsa 1441 Words   |  6 PagesAnalytical Assessment Essay Just like Gregor Samsa, the protagonist from Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka had an incredibly similar life. Kafka was born on July 3, 1883 in Bohemia, now known as Prague in Czech Republic. He was raised in a middle class Jewish family; however, due to the fact that Jews were seen as an uneducated and inferior race his father taught them (Kafka and his two sisters) German. Just like Mr. Samsa (Gregor’s father), Kafka’s father also owned a business which he wanted Kafka to take over;Read MoreUnsettling Dreams: an Analysis of the Metamorphosis1042 Words   |  5 PagesUnsettling Dreams: An Analysis of The Metamorphosis Through his essay â€Å"Competing Theories of Identity in The Metamorphosis†, Kevin W. Sweeny explores three different concepts of identity that are brought to light in Franz Kafka’s novella The Metamorphosis. While our social role and conscious mind help establish our character, ultimately our material body determines how we identify, to ourselves and the general public. Through The Metamorphosis, Kafka explores how losing control of the body canRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Metamorphosis 1422 Words   |  6 PagesElaina Faerber, Hannah Lindsey, Jake Sims Mrs. De Oro Hon, English 12A Pd 3 19 October 2015 Literary Analysis Essay-Rejection When individuals are rejected by family and society, they tend to feel abandoned and unloved. In Franz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s transformation into a â€Å"monstrous vermin† (Kafka 1) results in him being psychologically and even physically abused by his family. Rejection from his mother, sister, and father leave Gregor feeling unwanted and feeling as if he is a terribleRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1872 Words   |  8 PagesThe Metamorphosis: Reappraised The novella The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka was first published in 1915. This novella shows the degree of loyalty a family has to even their own family members; this case being Gregor Samsa, his mother, his father, and his sister Grete Samsa. Upon reading the novella, it becomes evident that Gregor’s care for his family is pure and genuine, which, throughout the short story, leaves a small feeling of melancholy due to the fact that the family never really returnedRead More`` Why Look At Animals `` By John Berger, Clifford, And Artists1869 Words   |  8 PagesAnimals have occupied a central role in the life of humankind throughout history. Writers such as Julio Cortà ¡zar, Franz Kafka, John Berger, Clifford, and artists as Kate Clark, have all contributed to recognizing how man’s relationship with the animal world has defined his identity as human. Animals and humans share some of the same traits, such as a sense of John Berger’s belief that animals are marginalized both physically and culturally is supported by Descartes’ theory of dualism and the ultimate

The Chemistry of Blood Colours Free Essays

Blood is a necessary component of the majority of living organisms (all vertebrates and some invertebrates); it carries vital nutrients, oxygen and proteins to body tissues and carries away waste products. Blood, although most commonly red, can also be found in such colours as green, blue, clear, pink and violet. However, the common misconception surrounding the idea that human blood is blue before oxygenation is false. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chemistry of Blood Colours or any similar topic only for you Order Now All human blood is varying shades of red; these wild alternate colours are found in other animal species such as certain species of crabs and insects. This colouring of the blood can be seen as an indicator of oxygen carrying ability or make apparent the metal with the highest concentration in the blood. The colour containing portions of blood are known as respiratory pigments; these pigments are metal containing proteins which combine reversibly with oxygen. Respiratory pigments are found within cells of blood and their primary function is to aid in the transportation of molecular oxygen. There are four unanimously recognised respiratory pigments, these are; hemoglobin, followed by hemocyanin, then chlorocruorin and Hemerythrin. These four pigments occur in greater percentages and are far more efficient in carrying oxygen than the few other pigments known. These lesser known pigments (not all fully recognised as respiratory pigments) include; vanadium chromagen and pinnaglobin. Haemoglobin, the most common respiratory pigment on earth is the pigment found in all vertebrates (excluding a few Antarctic fish) including humans. Hemoglobin is located within the platelet component of blood giving the distinctive red colouring associated with blood both when oxygenated and deoxygenated, when oxygenated it is a bright red and by the time it is traveling In the veins back to the heart, blood containing haemoglobin is a dark red in colour. This colour is due to the presence of iron in the haemoglobin. Iron is the central atom of the heme group ( Without iron in the heme group, there would be no site for the oxygen to bind) One molecule of haemoglobin, with iron at the centre, can carry four oxygen molecules. Fig 1: Hemoglobin structure Image: (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013) Fig1. 2: Hemoglobin, human adult, heme group Image: (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013) Hemocyanin is the second most evident form of respiratory pigment, found in mollusks, arthropods and some insects. Blood containing Hemocyanin is blue in colour when oxygenated and transparent in appearance when deoxygenated. Oxygenation causes a colour change between the colorless Cu(I) deoxygenated form and the blue Cu(II) oxygenated form. This blue colour is due to the presence of Two copper atom at the centre of hemocyanin particles and unlike haemoglobin, only two oxygen molecules can reversibly combine with the metal proteins at the centre of the hemocyanin particles therefore it is four times less efficient as an oxygen carrier than haemoglobin. Fig. 2: Hemocyanin, deoxygenated and oxygenated Image: (htt) Chlorocruorin is an iron, metalprotein, respiratory pigment with many similarities to hemoglobin. The most notable of the differences between hemoglobin and chlorocruorin is the abnormal heme group structure of chlorocruorin and unlike hemoglobin it floats freely within the plasma of blood rather than being confined to red blood cells. The chemical colour change of chlorocruorin bears resemblance to both hemoglobin and hemerythrin, changing from a green when deoxygenated to red when oxygenated (two oxygen molecules reversibly combine one iron atom). This ration puts chlorocruorin at 25% the efficiency of hemoglobin. Fig. 3: Chlorocruorin structure Image: (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013) Hemerythrin is the third respiratory pigment containing iron, found in marine invertebrates (sipunculids and brachiopods) and used for oxygen transfer and/or storage. Although containing the same metal protein, hemerythrin differs from both haemoglobin and chlorocruorin as it contains two more iron atoms which reversibly combine and are connected by an oxygen molecule. This means that the efficiency of this pigment is 25% as effective as haemoglobin and on par for effectiveness with chlorocruorin. When the oxygen molecule combines directly (no heme group) with the iron atoms a colour change occurs; deoxygenated hemerythrin is near colourless changing to a pink/violet colour when oxygenated. Fig. 4: Hemerythrin structure found in sea worms Image: (Coleman, 2009) Other than the four major respiratory pigments, giving blood colour, there is dispute over two other pigments, little is known of these pigments. They are; Pinnaglobin, a brown pigment found in the blood of a mollusc of the genus Pinna, this pigment demonstrates similarities to the pigment Hemocyanin but contains manganese as the metal atom in place of copper. The other proposed pigment (idea is disputed) vanadium chromagen, is said to be light green in colour, contain metal atoms of Vanadium and is found in sea squirts, ascidians and tunicates. Bibliography (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://web. tock. com/kalee/chem32/spec/ (2008, 04 13). Retrieved from http://www. klingon. org/smboard/index. php? topic=1377. 0 Wiktionary. (2012, 11 11). Retrieved from http://en. wiktionary. org/wiki/vanadium_chromagen Coleman, W. F. (2009, 04 11). Dept. f Chemistry, Wellesley College. Retrieved from http://academics. wellesley. edu/Chemistry/Flick/chem341/hemoglobin1. html Department of Biology, Davidson college . (2005). Retrieved from http://www. bio. davidson. edu/Courses/Molbio/MolStudents/spring2005/Heiner/hemoglobin. html Encyclopedia britannica. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/260910/hemocyanin Frey, R. C. (n. d. ). Hemoglobin and the Heme Group. Retrieved from Department of chemistry, Washington University: How to cite The Chemistry of Blood Colours, Essay examples

Night Analysis Essay Example For Students

Night Analysis Essay Night In Elie Wiesels novel Night, the main character Elizer goes through a series of changes.Elizer, Elie, is born in a town in Transylvania Hungary by the name of Sighet in 1928.Elie lives in a very highly orthodox Jewish family, and this shows in many of his personality traits and interest as a young man.Early on, Elie likes to study many Jewish texts.Before 1944, the Jews in Hungry were not affected by the terrible happenings in Europe.In 1933 Hitler came into power and blamed Germanys problems on the Jews.Under his rule, Hitler and his administration created laws and worked to exterminate the Jews.As the war went on, Hitler developed a Final Solution which was an extermination of Europes Jews.The most Jews were killed in concentration camps where Jews were forced to do labor and live imprisoned.It was Elies struggle to survive as a teenager in a camp that changed his emotional maturity, his relationship with his father, and his faith in God and religion. Because of the struggles Elie goes through, Elie loses his innocence and gains an incredible level of emotional maturity.Elie starts out as an innocent young boy full of interest, curiosity, and the potential for incredible success.He lives at first a seemingly nice and normal life with loving parents.Elies innocence can be seen when he is with his father after he has been separated from the rest of his family and he witnesses the cremation of babies and adults.He says, Not far from us flames were leaping up from a ditch, gigantic flamesBabies!Yes, I saw it with my own eyesI pinched my face.Was I still alive?Was I awake?I could not believe it.How could it be possible for them to burn people, children, and the world to keep silent?No, none of this could be true.It was a nightmare(pg. 30) This quote illustrates the naivety Elie has about the true cruelty and inhumanity that exist not only in some people but especially behind the Nazi forces under Hitlers rule.The events are such an opp osite extreme from what Elie knows to be the world; he cannot believe what his own eyes are showing him.Later on, because of the things Elie has witnessed, he grows up seemingly cold hearted and he himself seems to have lost some of his humanity.This new emotional state Elie is in can be seen when Elie awakes and sees that his father has been taken away to the crematory.He says, I awoke January 29th at dawnthey must have taken my father away before dawn and carried him to the crematory.He may still have been breathingI did not weep, and it pained me that I could not weep.But I had no more tears. (Pg. 106) This quote that shows Elie does not have the tears to cry for his father, who he had cared for and looked after through the most trying trials in his life, shows the incredible effect his journey has had on him.A person that looked on in horror and disbelief when he witnessed nameless children being burned has been through so much he seems emotionless that his own blood is sufferin g the same fate.His emotions have matured beyond the childlike naivety he once had. Not only does Elies plight change his emotional maturity, but also it changes the relationship he has with his father.As Elie continues on his struggle through his adolescent life, his devotion to his father weakens and Elie begins to see him as a burden.Elie starts out with a good relationship with his father.As a respected leader, his father conveys a sense of tradition and pride that exist in Elie before going to the death camp.When he and his father are separated from the rest of the family, their blood at first stays strong and Elie does not disrespect his father.The two develop a deep bond and understanding illustrated when Elie looks for his father during Rosh Hashanah.Elie says, I ran off to look for my fatherHe was standing near the wall, bowed down, his shoulders sagging as though beneath a heavy burden.I went up to him, took his hand and kissed it.A tear fell up..on it.Whose was that tear?Mine?His?I said nothing.Nor did he.We had never understood one another so clearly. (P g. 65) This quote illustrates the bond that has developed strongly between Elie and his father in being through their horrific experiences together.Without saying a word they are able to convey one anothers feelings perfectly.As Elie and his fathers troubled times continue, Elie starts to see his father as a inconvenience.On the journey to Buchenwald, Elies attitude towards his father can be seen when he cannot find his father.Elie says, It was daytime when I awoke.And then I remembered I had a fatherI had known that he was at the end, on the brink of death, and yet I had abandoned him.I went out to look for him.But at the same moment this thought came into my mind: Dons let me find him!If only I could get rid of this dead weight, so that I could use all of my strength to struggle for my own survival, and only worry about myself. (Pg. 101) Even though Elie feels ashamed after thinking this, it shows him being able to even think about that for a minute, the incredible relationship dy namic he and his father hold has changed.Before they could understand each other in a silent moment, now Elie is wishing he didnt have to put up with the burden. .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d , .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d .postImageUrl , .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d , .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d:hover , .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d:visited , .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d:active { border:0!important; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d:active , .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf051c61d428f7bbf61f666ddbcf0fd3d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alice Walker EssayElies struggle along with changing his relationship with his father also changes his view on his God and religion.Through Elies horrifying experiences in the Nazi death camp, Elie loses the diehard faith he had in his Jewish culture and in God.Elie starts off very committed to the study of Jewish culture and his belief in God.This faith and passion for his religion is seen early in a conversation with Elie and Moshe the Beadle about why Elie prays and why he cries when he does so.Elie says, The question had never entered my head.I wept becausebecause of something inside me that felt the need for tearsWhy did I pray?A strangle question.Why did I live?Why d id I breathe? (Pg. 2) This quote shows the blind faith and passion Elie has for God and his Jewish beliefs.His comparison of praying as something as fundamental as living or breathing truly shows how important God and religion is in his everyday life.Later, after Elie has gone through so much tremendous pain and suffering, his views and faith in his religion and god diminish.At summers end in 1944 during Rosh Hashanah, Elies changed view on God and religion can be seen.He feels he has no reason to bless God when his people are suffering so much.He feels his people are not the chosen people and denies his faith.Elie says, What are You, my God, compared to this afflicted crowd, proclaiming You their faith, their anger, their revolt?What does your greatness mean Lord of the universe, in the face of all this weakness, this decomposition, and this decay? (Pg. 63) He continues to say, Why, but why should we bless him?In every fiber I rebelled.Because He had thousands of children burned in His pits?Because He kept six crematories working night and day, on Sundays and feast days?Because His great might He had created Auschwitz, Birkenau, Buna, and so many factories of death? (Pg. 64) This quote shows the passion of hate and resentment he has gained for God because he has allowed Elie and his people to go through such hard times.He says and thinks these things in a very ridiculing way and it is obvious that passion for God does not exist anymore and has been replaced by hatred. In conclusion, Elie is taken through several changes because of the extraordinary challenges he had to face in the Nazi death camp.Elie throughout his journey loses his innocence and gains a great deal of emotional maturity.Elies devotion for his father weakens as his time in the camp goes on.Elie also eventually loses almost all of his faith in God and in his religion.Elies life is an example of how peoples lives and views change when they are put through a traumatic course of events.

Marketing Principles Essays - Human Resource Management,

Marketing Principles A. Definitions 1. ABC ABC stands for activity based costing. This is defined as a method which identifies various activities needed to provide a product and determines the cost of these activities. I would say it is a method of breaking down the process of the business activity down to its root components. Then the causes of profit losses can be weeded out. For example, in a warehouse setting in which I worked, there were a few major departments which included receiving, stock dept., pick/pack, and shipping department. Merchandise traveled through the warehouse along this pathway. If say, production (boxes shipped) is down, we can specify the cause using this technique. Instead of just knowing that production is down, we may learn that the receiving dock is backed up , which leads to no merchandise for the stock dept., which results in orders being held up on the flows. Management can then find the cause of the backup in receiving and go from there. 2. ADEA Stands for the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, which, according to text, prohibits age discrimination and mandatory retirement. It was established in 1967. It pretty much explains itself. Basically, there cannot be a maximum age for employees, and termination can not be based solely on age. A good example of this would be a mother returning to the work force. They may be frowned upon due to their age. I have read somewhere that people over the age of forty are in a protected class, and cannot be discriminated against by virtue of the law. 3. BARS This stands for Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale. It is defined as a rating technique that relates an employees performance to a specific job related incident. This definition doesnt really help me. It seems that the procedure is to define certain personality traits that are essential for a certain function, then to rate the prospective employee based on a scale of these trait. For example, someone applying to be a chef would be hired on base on a number of traits, one being prior experience. A ten on the scale would be something like, 10+ years of experience in a 4 star restaurant, while a zero would be no experience. The employees worth could be determined by a composite of all these scales. 4. COBRA Stands for Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. This is defined as a policy established in 1985 which required continued health coverage (paid by employee) after job termination. This means that health insurers cannot discriminate base on a persons employment status. An example would be a victim of a downsized company, forced to work for a company which does not provide health insurance, and so must continue their current plan. 5. E P Stands for Effort yields performance, and is defined as: The degree of expectation that putting effort into a given task will lead to high performance. I would say, Is it worth all the trouble? For example, no matter how much effort I put into reading a first edition Crime and Punishment, written in Cyrillic figures, my performance in reading Russian will not improve in the least. However, if I put a good deal of effort in actually learning Russian from the beginning, taking a class or reading a how to book, there is a greater chance that my performance will increase. 6. EVA Stands for Economic Value Added system. It is defined as a control system that measures after-tax profits minus the cost of capital invested in tangible assets. This , according to text, is intended to capture all the things a company can do to add value from its activities. I would guess that this method roots out all unnecessary assets, as can be shown by increases and decreases in this figure. If a company is buying new real estate every year, this may lead to loss of net profits, if the real estate is purchased carefully. This fact could be discovered using this method. 7.ERG Theory Defined as a simplification of Maslows hierarchy of needs. This theory has three levels; existence, relatedness, and growth. This is a simplification which makes this psychological theory applicable to the business world. The achievement of these needs make for a satisfied worker. A warehouse worker first

Doctor Faustus And The Lutheran Aesthetic Tragedy Theology Religion Essay Essays

Doctor Faustus And The Lutheran Aesthetic Tragedy Theology Religion Essay Essays Doctor Faustus And The Lutheran Aesthetic Tragedy Theology Religion Essay Paper Doctor Faustus And The Lutheran Aesthetic Tragedy Theology Religion Essay Paper a reminder of mediaeval pageants inheriting moral every bit good as physical constructions, with the Heaven high up and the Hell underneath in the cavity or the caldron. ( 234 ) On such occasions as those of Barabas the caldron could stand for the traditional image of snake pit which was derived from the concluding chapters of Job where Behemoth and Leviathan both were pictured in inside informations as hell-mouth of fearful monsters. , a boiling caldron was imagined in the unfastened jaws of the monster. ( 235 ) Sometimes the caldron represents hell itself, and sometimes it is a portion of the scene. Decidedly in Barabas terminal there are inevitable moral concerns with the concluding triumph of Christians in Malta. Yet, Marlowe avoids the indirect Second Coming of Christ and the endurance of the Christians has no moral justification. In fact Marlowe has damned the Jew as a agency of torturing and exposing those who pride themselves on their Christian religion. The statements of the Governor are like those of Peter the Venerable pressing the Jews to be forced to lend to the cost of the Second Crusade. ( 236 ) At the clip all wars against the Turkish heathens were seen as Crusades and the state of affairs of Malta was the extension of the 1 that Peter Venerable was composing approximately. Marlowe implies that Barabas is against the Christ, yet his test is conducted by figures that approximate to Pilate and Chief Priest ( 331 ) . Profession in the drama means spiritual religion. ( 237 ) Barabas makes the Christian point that righteousness is non a tribal or racial ownership, but an single compact ( 346-350 ) . Therefore he has the right to populate and thrive in this universe and in footings of the Old Testament he seems to be justified. His extension of legal position in Malta to a sacredly legality under the footings of the Judaic jurisprudence, yet, does non suit in, with his claim to a personal compact. ( 238 ) The righteousness in Barabas address is a distinguishable and antithetical construct to that of the New Testament and a Christian audience is expected to reject Barabas defense mechanism. In ( 351-355 ) profession means Judaic religion and for the Jew to claim single compact is a contradiction in footings. Barabas as the figure of Job efforts at ineffectual excuse and as an Anti-Job figure resorts to Machiavellian craft ( 507 ) . The last two line of the Governor ( 356 ) show that more than doctrinal rightness is involved. ( 239 ) Marlowe in stating all they that love non Tobacco and Boie were fooles ? And to what? Such a statement is effectual because of its power to upset our prepossession, but it does non take to anyplace. Marlowe identified himself with the Rebels: Tamburlaine, Barabas, Faustus, and Edward II, but that such designation blinded him to the changeless Torahs of God, society is unlikely. His Cambridge background and societal contacts suggest his contact with Calvinism and the strongest emotional effects in the Hagiographas of the reformists normally come from their sense of God s infinite transcendency, and adult male s infinite adulteration ( Tamburlaine, 2893-2911 ) . The talker is passionately involvement with the thought of God s pureness and transcendency and the treachery of that pureness in human nature. ( 240 ) He knew what it was like to idolize transcendency, the power, and beauty beyond human comprehension. He was a God-haunted atheist being at the same time fascinated and horrified by the autonomy of the fallen universe. We come to prefer the Judaic profession of Barabas to the lip service of the Christians with Marlowe belaboring the Christians. The universe of Marlowe is wholly a fallen one and so is the universe of Calvin. The Spirit and the Letter: Marlowe s Tamburlaine and Elizabethan Religious Radicalism ( 125 ) Having conquered Babylon and outside the ruins of the metropolis Tamburlaine asks about the Islamic sanctum books: Now Casane They shal be burnt ( 2 Tam. 5.1.173-76 ) . He realized the futility of esteeming anything but his ain deity. He taunts Mahomet in ( 2 Tam. 5.1.180-81 ) and identifies himself as the flagellum of another higher God. ( 126 ) To him Spirit is bound by nil unlike Mahomet whose amount of faith remainders in the Koran ( 2 Tam. 5.1.191 ) . He disdains faith codified in books and the missive of the jurisprudence means nil for he possesses a Godhead spirit throwing off his shepherd s weeds to uncover the armour beneath carrying everyone he is non of flesh and blood topic to Torahs. Marlowe remarks on issues of gnosis and interior enlightenment and the struggle between the spirit and the missive. Here the Koran is substituted for the Christian Scriptures and he is turn toing Christian divinity in reassigning the noncompliant gesture to the distant universe of Islam. In Tamburlaine the ownership of a religious gnosis leads to a neglect for all Torahs where others are governed bodily by it. At the clip the issues of election and predestination were heatedly debated and there were an increasing figure of people seeking direct contact with God from spiritual governments or doctrinal codifications. Marlowe s dramas are a portion of a larger cultural geographic expedition of the significance of single spiritual inspiration and the effects of such inspiration for the organic structure politic. ( 127 ) Marlowe s dramas indicate a doubting attitude towards Gnostic transcendency. He offers a critical portrayal of religious assurance gone huffy and facilitates us with the perceptual experience of tensenesss in English Reformation thought. II. There is a Gnostic subtext in Marlowe s dramas every bit good as the presentation of anti-materialism. ( 128 ) As the oppositions of the Gnostics, the early Church Fathers intended their work as a cautious displaying of unorthodoxy concentrating their attending excessive, bizarre belief and patterns. Gnosticism is a negative religio-philosophical motion get awaying from the tragic travesty of stuff being, abhoring the organic structure and material registry as a cardinal characteristic like many ancient doctrines. But in Neoplatonic circles, the theory of godly emanations proclaimed earthly things to bear the contemplation of the Godhead. In Gnostic thought the material universe is non even the creative activity of the true God ; instead it s the work of an inferior God, himself the consequence of an mistake in the Godhead kingdom. ( 129 ) The one, unknowable God causes distinguishable godly existences to look, each stand foring one of his property. The stuffs of creative activity root from a tragic sense of loss, forsaking, and perplexity. For the Gnostics the creative activity of the universe is a calamity. Nothing valuable inheres in the qualities and characters of materiality. To be on Earth signifies the deepness of one s remotion from the flawlessness and tranquility of the Godhead. The Gnostics can get the better of the overpowering disaffection of life on Earth through the attainment of gnosis, the acknowledgment of one s true origin the kernel of gnosis is cognizing that the 1 s true ego is godly and organic structure and the universe are hindrances to one s nonnatural acclivity. ( 130 ) Gnostic minds believe that merely a few persons possess the pieces of deity. Peoples are divided into three classs: pneumatics ( spirituals ) , psychics, and hylics, one s position being predestined. The spirituals are by all agencies saved ; the psychics are destined to a in-between position ; the hylics are entirely material characters unimpeachably damned. Gnostic groups deny their bodily appetencies. Other Gnostic religious orders believed that one time the person has achieved enlightenment, they were free to prosecute in any kind of behavior. Activities in the organic structure have no consequence on redemption. Gnostic doctrine tended to further an implicit in force that Marlowe acknowledges in the portrayal of Tamburlaine. ( 131 ) Tamerlane s aspirations stem from a Gnostic battle between spirit and the dampening bonds of affair incarcerating it. He does nt believe that he is one of this universe life, loving, and basking it. The universe for him is to be conquered and subdued. There is an ontological spread between his innate Godhead illustriousness and the sordidness of his milieus. When Zenocrete addresses him as a shepherd he is indignant. As the terrour to the universe ( 1 Tam. 1.2.34-35,38 ) he throws off his simple shepherd s attire to uncover armour underneath Lie here ye weedes that I disdaine to weare. / This compleat armour and this curtle-axe / Are adjuncts more beseeming Tamerlane ( 1 Tam. 1.2.41-43 ) . He dissociates himself from his pastoral individuality which is connected to earth, birthrate, and animate beings, and declares himself to transcendence in character. His armor is the symbol of his distance from the bodily universe raising between visual aspect and world. Although he and his work forces seem like cockamamie state boyfriends, they bear Empires on [ their ] speares ( 1 Tam. 1.2.47, 65 ) . Tamburlaine claims near relationships to Gods stating Jove shield me safe from harme ( 1 Tam. 1.2.180-81 ) . Nothing can destruct him for The chiefest Supreme being / Will sooner burne the glorious frame of Heaven / Then it should so cabal my overthrow ( one Tam. 4.2.8, io-11 ) . ( 132 ) Tamerlane is the carrier of Gnostic individuality perforating others organic structures with his blade, the cogent evidence of his built-in deity. To distance himself from materiality he wounds himself demoing he is non of organic structure A lesion is nil, be it nere so deepe as the insignificance of the affair ( 2 Tam. 3.3.115 ) . in such antinomianism any kind of behavior is allowed ; he can handle others organic structures every bit good as that of Earth s as he pleases: colza, slaying, and the combustion of towns. Others are provincials, slaves as defined by their organic structures deserving devastation to Tamburlaine. They have no opportunity for transcendency. That A lesion is nil justifies a violent riddance of materiality and materiality. ( 133 ) He fantasizes about release from the compressing ironss of his organic structure into pure spirit. Empire means small to him and he is excessively good for Earth so he makes a Gnostic flight from it as he contemplates his return to Samarcanda, his place of birth. He rides through the streets in aureate armors like the Sun. Tamburlaine s existent involvement lies in returning to the religious Samarcanda ( 2 Tam. 4.3.130- 32 ) . The word dissevered suggests violent separation from the hateful organic structure. He looks past to the ultimate end of transcendency ( 1 Tam. 1.2.236-37 ) . He maintains the perfect and exclusive felicitie of life is an earthly Crown ( 1 Tam. 2.7.28029 ) . Crowns assume a talismanic significance ; Tamburlaine steals them, plays with them, rhapsodizes over them, and will them. They symbolize the thrust for his earthly omnipotence. His sorrow is non holding adequate clip to unite the universe. ( 134 ) Tamerlane has Machiavellian political purposes. Like Barabas he detaches himself from the universe around him. In his Gnostic belief, there is a powerful tool in accomplishing ultimate temporal domination. His Gnostic disgusts the affair and refuses to digest any resistance. Zenocrate is closely connected to the Earth ; she sees persons who live, drama, love, marry, and raise kids. On the other manus for Tamerlane it is indecent to harbor ideas effeminate, and swoon ( 1 Tam. 5.1.174, 177 ) . His boy Calyphas is representative of the boisterous material kingdom. He suffers the destiny of hylic persons. He is simply a ball of clay, created of the mussy dregges of Earth, / The trash and potassium bitartrate of the Element/ wherein was neithercourage, strength or wit/ but follie, sloth and damned idling ( 2 Tam. 4.1.125-28 ) . Calyphas is merely fit for extinction. Tamburlaine justifies his act through a typically Gnostic rhetoric of stuff contempt. ( 135 ) In Tamburlaine, the phase is littered with lacerate cadavers left to decompose in bare landscapes. His belief in the ontological insignificance and immorality of affair attempts the devastation of the universe being disenchanted with it. No subject is great plenty in repressing the boisterous qualities of the stuff registry and Tamburlaine wants nil less than its entire devastation. Burning Larissa, destructing Babylon and submerging its full population, endangering to fire so much of Earth that will do the starres to run ( 2 Tam. 4.1.197 ) propose his tormented effort to convey affair to an terminal. He compares his activities to wars of Gods like the mention to Phaethon, Apollo s boy misleading the chariot of the Sun destructing a good part of the Earth. He speaks approvingly about the devastation of Damascus. ( 136 ) Tamerlane s Gnostic assault is on affair and his position like that of the Quakers comes to the decision that the age of books, Torahs, ceremonials, and formal faiths is over when there is the voice within which comes to him shortly before the decease of Zenocrate in a holy enchantment ( 2 Tam. 2.4.34 ) . His devotedness to the spirit leads to intolerant contempt for the missive. III. The 16th century was the clip of acquaintance with Gnostic thoughts and texts. ( 137 ) Hermetic texts show both optimistic and pessimistic gnosis, hermetic penetrations about the interplay between spirit and affair as the footing for scientific probes that would take to the betterment of human life and Gnostic hatred of the affair. The Reformation brought Gnostic thoughts into the head of spiritual contention. Discussions on the Letter and the Spirit, Law and Grace, and Eucharist were all responsible for the Gnostic ambiance. Luther s denouncement of plants righteousness and Calvin arose from new readings of St. Paul and the Gospel of St. John. ( 138 ) The Gnostic nature of Reformed divinity was noticed by Erasmus who accused Luther of adopting a thinly cloaked gnosis available merely to a few. Marlowe as a pupil of divinity in Cambridge was doubtless familiar with the Hermetic literature and its compulsion with religion, works, the nature of the sacraments, and Puritan divinity in England. William Perkins, the greatest sermonizer of the twenty-four hours and the inspiration for Puritan oratory boulder clay after the Restoration was being heard at the clip. ( 139 ) In taking the narrative of Faustus he sets the ancient fable of the Gnostic Simon Magus and his chase of Helen of Troy ( Sophia ) . In England, the Family of Love, preached the primacy of the interior visible radiation. ( 140 ) Marlowe could barely hold failed to cognize the Family of Love. ( 143 ) IV. The authorities of the clip viewed English society susceptible to Gnostic solutions to spiritual inquiries. Marlowe s dramas are portion of this overall late sixteenth treatment, concerned with challenges to governments who deny that persons have a right to talk with assurance as the carriers of ultimate spiritual penetration. Tamburlaine provides two thoughts for godly flawlessness of the person and antinomianism, single being of the same being as God connoting the originality of the psyche ( 144 ) The single must merely atone and acknowledge his true deity. No Christian expiation for wickedness is necessary. Christ did non expiate for human wickedness ; he merely provided a theoretical account of behavior for the enlightened in his triumph over wickedness, the organic structure, and decease. Familists believed Christ is no 1 adult male, but an estate and status in adult male everyman being his ain Jesus and a Jesus for himself possessed with absolute holinesse and purenesse. ( 145 ) It is merely a short measure from a belief in human flawlessness to antinomianism. Like Tamburlaine, the Familists believed the organic structure was mere dead affair, no more than an semblance without existent effects for their redemption that explains their penchant for spirit over the missive ; whatever lies in books is of no usage. ( 146 ) Baptism and Eucharist are useless symbols including Catholicism. The Bible is valuable merely as an allegorical text offering types of metempsychosis to be imitated by the initiated. ( 147 ) Major scriptural narratives and figures elucidate the cardinal struggle between those enlightened by God and those non. Gnostic doctrines show deeply-seated, violent aversion to the universe. All people, Turkes, Mahometans, and Jews were eligible for religious metempsychosis, and all people were to be loved. Marlowe would hold appreciated such cosmopolitan Concord in the anti-dogmatic doctrines of his twenty-four hours as an appealing option for an single marginalized as an foreigner, an atheist, and a sodomist. ( 148 ) However, Marlowe demonstrates that any signifier of Gnostic transcendency potentially leads to violent for those earthly. In Tamburlaine scaring effects of extremist spiritual philosophies overcome the complications of life in a religious flight from a toxicant universe. In associating Marlowe with the Orthodox oppositions of this unorthodoxy, the author goes against the critical consensus on Marlowe s ideological orientation. Most critics considered Marlowe sympathetic to his characters desire for the space. Bartels in depicting Marlowe as outrageously other, perpetuates the designation of the playwright and his supporters. Marlowe nevertheless, was non an antinomian or an supporter of Gnostic aspirations. ( 149 ) Taking Tamburlaine as ideal would be a misreading of the drama. Marlowe does put a persuasive version of gnosis but it is a pessimistic call for the devastation of the universe and its dwellers, anything that is not-Tamburlaine. Marlowe shuns the organic structure as an semblance. His primary beginnings for the life of the Scythian vanquisher the historical Tamburlaine is eulogized as a theoretical account Renaissance prince who dies a natural decease with his imperium intact. Tamburlaine s conquering of the universe is neer criticized. Yet, he expands the function of the Damascene Virgins, Zenocrate, and Calyphas. These characters question Tamburlaine s mission and articulate Marlowe s concern for the organic structure and the universe at the custodies of spiritual fiends like Tamburlaine with whom we sympathize. Marlowe alters the narrative ends. In the beginnings, Tamburlaine dies of old age after a successful calling as a vanquisher and male monarch. Alternatively, he c hooses to demo Tamburlaine yielding to a slackly defined distemper or illness. Tamerlane maintains throughout the drama that his true being has nil to make with his stuff being, hence his aghast inquiry Shall illness prove me now to be a man/ That have been termed the panic of the universe? ( 2 Tam. 5.3.44-45 ) . ( 150 ) Tamerlane s distemper and decease exposes the vacuum of the Gnostic hope for flawlessness proclaimed by the vanquisher during his life. Religious contentions of his age are rooted in the anxiousnesss about the relationship between spirit and affair reminiscent of ancient Gnosticism. ( 151 ) The interior visible radiation was a job for Marlowe ; the beauty and passion of Tamburlaine s addresss in portion 1 are appealing responses to populating with the restrictions of mortality. The inner visible radiation besides disturbs Marlowe. The writer s uncertainties are evident on Tamburlaine s deathbed, when the Physician tells the vanquisher that his blood is dried and his Artiers, which alongst the venas convey / the lively liquors which the bosom engenders / Are parch d and nothingness of spirit ( 2 Tam. 5.3.85, 93-95 ) . Spectacless of Unfamiliarity: Imperialism, Alienation, and Marlowe Writer: Bartels, Emily Carroll. Publication: Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993. Merchandise Idaho: 17153 eBook ISBN: 9780585126449 ISBN: 9780812231939 Subject: Marlowe, Christopher, 1564-1593 Criticism and reading. Political dramas, English History and unfavorable judgment. Alienation ( Social psychological science ) in literature. Net-Library ( Thirteen ) Why did Marlowe take to convey foreigners on the phase? Oriental savages, black prestidigitators, homophiles, African Queenss and male monarchs, Machiavellian Christians, Turks, and Jew? Why was the foreigner such an appealing topic? Why were other non-European, universes like Persia, Egypt, Africa, and the East chosen as the scene? Besides the timeless captivation with the foreigner, there was besides the outgrowth of imperialist thoughts. ( fourteen )

Dana Manciagli on What it Really Takes to Get a Job

Dana Manciagli on What it Really Takes to Get a Job Some job-seeking books are gentle and indirect. Dana Manciagli, on the other hand, is direct: Her book is titled Cut the Crap, Get a Job! As an experienced executive with 30  years in different industries, including a ten years  as worldwide sales general manager for Microsoft, she’s seen more people hired (and not get hired) than most and knows exactly what goes wrong. She weighed in on cutting the crap and finding the job. Your book has a pretty direct title! What kind of crap do job seekers generally need to cut?â€Å"Crap† comes in two forms: mistakes and excuses. The unknowing job seeker steps in both types of crap and sabotages their job search efforts.How has looking for a job changed over the last few years?First, candidates need to accept that what used to work in past job searches is no longer effective or competitive. Then, they’ll need to be open to learning new job search techniques and begin applying them to the pursuit of their next career role s.So much has changed over the past five years and continues to change!TechnologyHiring companies are using technology to screen applicants; candidates need to know how to use technology to get jobs.Social MediaCompanies are using social media to find candidates, post jobs, and share information. Candidates need to master the correct use of social media to be found, to network, and to apply for jobs. They also need to learn what not to do on social media platforms.CompetitivenessThere are more applicants than ever applying for each job, so candidates need to learn how to get their credentials to the top of the pile and get an interview.InterviewsPhone interviews are on the rise and web-based interviews are emerging. Even face-to-face interviewing techniques have changed.How can job boards better help job seekers?I look at job boards as both a curse and a blessing. The curse: Candidates believe that spraying a large quantity of rà ©sumà ©s on the job boards will land them a job. Th e blessing: Job boards are a great place to learn about positions in the marketplace, what hiring companies are looking for, and more.People who are not sure about what they want to do next should use job boards to â€Å"window shop.† Too many career-changers or job seekers make up what I call â€Å"unicorns† or jobs that really don’t exist. Instead, they need to define a career goal that does exist in today’s market. Sure, â€Å"hidden jobs† are out there, but they would look pretty much like the positions listed on the boards.People who are updating their rà ©sumà ©s and LinkedIn profiles know they should use the keywords that the â€Å"buyer† is looking for. I give my coaching clients homework assignments to spend hours on the job boards and find the keywords on job descriptions for positions they are targeting.How do job seekers sabotage themselves without being aware of it?Unfortunately, job seekers make errors on every step of the jo b search process, from goal setting through negotiating an offer.Here are some of the top mistakes I see most often:Typos, grammatical errors, and misspells on virtually all job search correspondence- rà ©sumà ©s, emails, thank you notes, and more.Arriving late to meetings, appearing disheveled, presenting weak handshakes, and more.Being unprepared. Not researching the company, the division, or the decision-maker on LinkedIn.Not reading the job description in great detail and knowing- and being able to communicate- why you are the best fit for the position.What follow-up should we expect when we submit a rà ©sumà ©? Are recruiters or hiring companies just too buried to get back to you?Expect nothing. Manage your expectations and stop being the â€Å"victim† of reality. Having said that, if I had a magic wand, I would change this one tragedy: the overall treatment of job candidates. It’s horrible.Companies are focused on just one thing: hiring the right person for a specific position. They have limited resources and cannot commit to responding to every candidate. At best, you might receive an auto-rejection notice or auto-thank-you-for-applying email.The ball is in your court! You need to network your way into the â€Å"back door.† Your application is the â€Å"front door† and represents the first 5% of your effort. The next 95% of your time should be spent networking into the company. It makes all the difference!What trends in hiring should job seekers keep an eye on?Aside from the trends I just mentioned, here are more you should keep an eye on going forward:Mobile RecruitingAccording to a 2013 survey by LinkedIn, 72% of job seekers have visited a company’s career site on a mobile device. Companies are now building out their mobile recruiting strategies and implementing new technology. Candidates need to be careful, though! I’ve seen a lot of sloppy emails and poorly prepared applications sent from a candidateâ₠¬â„¢s mobile device! I still recommend using your computer for professional-looking business communications, produced with proper spelling and correct grammar, and that always include a full signature block.Social MediaSocial media will play an even larger role going forward. On the plus side, there will be more opportunities available on sites such as LinkedIn and Facebook. Careful, though, social media can hurt a candidate too, so learn what to do and not to do!For more from Dana, follow her on  Twitter, and LinkedIn.

Ethics Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Reflection Paper - Essay Example The stakeholders are any persons dealing with the company directly and indirectly from its work force, clients and the general public in which the organization operates. The organization ensures the development of ethical guidelines and standards, and its implementation followed by each and every member of the organization. This can be done through training and cultivation of an ethical culture, which would enable the satisfaction of each and every stakeholder. Good ethical principles in an organization increase customer satisfaction and retention translating into better financial standings at all times, with healthier profit margins. There is also better retention of employees and customer confidence from the public and regulatory authorities, which is suitable for business. High ethical standards can be achieved through strategic planning and development of an ethical oriented business culture. This is through training and reinforcement of ethical codes of conduct by policies and r egulations in an organization. Corporate social responsibility has become an integral part of the business organization strategic planning tool. ... CSR plays a crucial role in the long term premeditated setting up of a business in the recruitment and retention of competitive employees (Habisch, 2005). An exemplary corporate social responsibility policy that focuses on stakeholder satisfaction improves an organization’s perception by potential recruits and employees, which also boosts productivity and efficiency in organization operations. Strategic planning in managing potential risk from corruption, health scandals and environmental accidents has been the greatest task in business organizations (Eisingerich & Ghardwaj, 2011). A crisis can bring reputable organizations down from the effects of lost customer confidence, which results in low sales. However, social responsibility policies implemented to prevent any scandal emerging in an organization helps in strategically avoiding this. Corporate social responsibility also gives an organization a competitive edge over its competitors in the international markets through cus tomer satisfaction and loyalty. Comprehensive customer responsibility policies also open up more markets through fewer legal hindrances to operate. This is because governments are increasingly giving health safety and environmental conservation priority when licensing new organizations. Discuss how your ethical perspective has evolved throughout the UOP MBA program The MBA program has changed my ethical perspectives approach to management, obligations to self, society, and means to achieve personal and organizational goals. Ethics and social responsibility training expose people to different and varied ways of decision making, management, and strategic

Sandra Esther Scott, New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sandra Esther Scott, New York City - Essay Example I am enthusiastic to achieve further professional development. For my future enhancement, I am looking to inculcate skills that will help me in future growth-oriented professional life and also in achieving the desired objectives of life. I am looking forward to developing my career in the Administrative Department and to achieve a higher position. I am willing to grow within the framework of the organization by developing skills which will not only provide a boost to my professional life but also will lead me to a position where I want to see myself within the next few years (the University of Virginia, â€Å"Career Objective Recommended Reading†). I use my scientific and human relation skills as a manager of the New York Office Administrative Department to manage all the affairs internally as well as externally to build positive relations with the clients and co-workers. I ensure the smooth running of operations in the office. I also manage a wide variety of responsibilities irrespective of the work being small or large in the organization. I have the negotiation skills and the aptitude to scrutinize and supervise work performed by other personnel with the intention of it being accomplished on time, within the financial plan and also meeting high excellence standards. I am well versed with the technical aspects in the office and am familiar with various computer software packages as it helps in better result oriented presentation and written proposals. I have acquired a strong written communication skill with effective oral communication skill that helps to cooperate and interact with several diverse individuals in a professional manner (Domkowski, & Saunders, â€Å"Creating a Career Objective†). Presently I am working with Equity Trades Investment Bank as a manager in New York Office Administrative Department with all the responsibilities as a manager.

Hospital Quality Improvement Essay Example for Free

Hospital Quality Improvement Essay Kausch and as a member of the quality improvement council. Corporate influences to assist in the hospital efforts consisted of providing staffing for QIP. The mentor was provided by headquarters staff, and in the case of WFRMC was Dr. Batalden (p. 525). The corporate headquarters also rovided a means for WFRMC to work with one of the other HCA hospitals to focus and develop self-assessment tools for department heads (McLaughlin Kaluzny, The impact of the programs that would be instilled in WFRMC can be 2006). measured through departmental quality improvement assessments. The scoring matrix of the self-assessment focused on approach, deployment (implementation), and effects ((McLaughlin Kaluzny, 2006). The approach includes the eight dimensions: leadership constancy, employee mindedness, customer mindedness, process focused, statistical thinking, PDCA driven, innovativeness, and regulatory proactiveness (p. 30). The implementation assessment was focused around the depth of deployment; the awareness, knowledge, understanding, and application of the plan (McLaughlin Kaluzny, 2006). The effects were assessed on the overall quality of measureable results. For example, CQI team for charting showed favorable results form quality improvement plans in that patient report availability was improved, and there were fewer phone calls [with regards to errors] (p. 537). Implementation programs. The obstetric department utilized a consultant to evaluate quality. The result of this was that it became clear that there was a demand for a system in hich a family-centered birth experience could occur (p. 541). This development ofa new family-centered system was based on the need to center its services on the customer preferences rather then a forced routine (McLaughlin Kaluzny, 2006). In order to implement a new system Ms. Cynthia Ayres, an administrative director, was assigned to implement this new concept. The result was that Ms. Ayres decided to use the CQI process to develop a new charge process and to evaluate the cost and resource consumption of the service (p. 541). In the evaluation all processes of a delivery were under analysis. Another tactical program that was supported with TQM was that of pharmacy. This was conducted as a result of the concern of the rapidly rising costs of inpatient drugs, especially antibiotics, which were costing the hospital about $1. 3 million per year (p. 543). A CQI team was formed and evaluated the process of how physicians selected antibiotics for treatment (McLaughlin Kaluzny, 2006). The end result of the CQI process was the recommendation that antibiotics be listed in order of increasing cost per average daily dose (McLaughlin Kaluzny, 2006)

Functional Irrationality Essay -- Psychology Psychological Essays

Functional Irrationality (1) I. Introduction The view that some forms of irrationality may serve a useful purpose is being increasingly entertained, despite the disquiet it elicits. The reason for the disquiet isn't difficult to discern, for if the view were made good it might threaten the unqualified normative primacy that rationality enjoys in the evaluation of thoughts, beliefs, intentions, decisions and actions. In terms of the predominant "rational explanation" model, reasons both generate and justify actions, and carrying out the dictates of reason is held up as an ideal. If it can be shown that under some circumstances or for certain types of action irrational elements or procedures would produce "all things considered" better results, this would put these deliberative "ideals" in question. Nozick (1993), going deeper, advances the view that we accord rationality intrinsic value (over and above its instrumental value), because deciding and believing in a way that is responsive to "the net balance of reasons" has come to form an important part of human identity. We value a person's believing and deciding rationally in a way that is responsive to the net balance of reasons, and we think that is good and admirable in itself, perhaps because so deciding and believing uses our high and intricate capacities and expresses them, or perhaps because that embodies an admirable and principled integrity in guiding beliefs and actions by reasons, not by the whims or desires of the moment. (Nozick 1993: 136) In this paper I want to explore whether such entrenched assumptions and intuitions preempt a coherent account of functional irrationality, or whether, despite the presumption against it, it can be defended within th... ...McLaughlin (eds) Actions and Events. Perspectives on the Philosophy of Donald Davidson. Dunn, Robert. 1995. "Motivated Irrationality and Divided Attention", Australasian Journal of Philosophy 73,3: 325-335. Elster, Jon. 1989. Solomonic Judgements. Studies in the Limitations of Rationality. Cambridge: CUP. Johnston, Mark. 1995. "Self Deception and the Nature of the Mind", in C. MacDonald and G. MacDonald (eds) Philosophy of Psychology. Debates on Psychological Explanation: 433-460. Basil Blackwell. Nozick, Robert. 1993. The Nature of Rationality. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Rawls, John. 1993. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press. Rorty, Amà ©lie. 1980. "Where Does the Akratic Break Take Place". Australasian Journal of Philosophy. Vol. 58, No. 94: 333-346. in Action. Essays in the Philosophy of Mind. Boston: Beacon Press.

Report on the Condition of Psychological Pressure of College Students

Title page Resisting Pressure: Survey on Chongqing University's Students' Psychological Pressure Group6 Supervisor: Wang Xu Chongqing University May 7, 2012 Abstract page Abstract This survey examined the condition of Chongqing university's students' psychological health. Our main aim is to find ways to deal with the pressure we students face. 100 Chongqing university's students were surveyed on both pressure they face and ways they use to deal with that. We predicted that academic pressure,emotional pressure and the pressure of employment can be huge to our students and it's hard for them to deal with that.Actually,pressure from the above three aspects was not that huge for our students,no matter they are science students or arts students,girls or boys. Also,it seems like that our students have their own set of ways to handle these pressure. Still,there are a certain number of students find they struggle to handle pressure from the three aspects,suggesting that Chongqing university 's students mainly stay a healthy psychological condition,but there are still things we can do to improve that. Body Resisting Pressure: Survey on Chongqing University's Students' Psychological PressureNowadays,with the rapid development of China's economy,psychological pressure more and more appear in newspaper,TV,or someone's life,especially,a university student's life. Many factors can be pressure for a university student. For example,academic grade point(GPA),emotional problems or job-hunting difficulties. After summarizing most pressure factors, we classified them to three aspects:academic pressure,emotional pressure and pressure of the employment. So,how the three pressure source affect university students and how the students deal with that?As to psychological sources of stress for college students, foreign research results are generally believed to include academic factors, social factors, life and economic factors, career factors. [i] For example, Misra's research shows tha t the Students' largest source of stress are factors that directly related to learning , such as test scores and test results, the burden of learning;The second largest source of pressure are social environment-related factors such as economic problems, lack of time to communicate with parents and friends. ii]The Armeli group's study shows that students's anxiety caused by the pressure of two aspects;on the one hand, it's high academic expectations that caused them anxious;on the other hand, it is the will of self-development and maintaining good interpersonal relationships contributes to that anxiety. [iii]Domestic scholars found that the pressure sense of college students mostly come from life events when thay are trying to adapt to college life. Severe psychological problems are caused especially by life events which are linked to their personal lives, their parents and family, learning progress , and most of them are negative events. iv]Li Lun and Wang Qian, according to whose r esearch,they pointed out that the psychological pressure of college students can be summarized into the three categories: pressure from family, work , learning problems ,love and interpersonal problems. [v]Li Hong and Mei JinRong's study indicates that college students' main pressure source including:study,job-hunting,interpersonal relationships,life problems,romance,economy,society,tests,family,life and study environment,future,competence,personal affairs(development,outlook,confidence),health,competitiveness. 5 categories in total. [vi] However,it's not hard to see that the studies which have been done mostly are qualitative analysis . Most researches focused on frequency and type of event that caused pressure,but lack the discovery of the psychological experience of degree research. Therefore, we want to use the college students' psychological pressure gauge as a theoretical basis to provide a scientific analysis of mental health status of college students so to put forward some constructive ideas for college students to stay psychological health. . Method ParticipantsParticipants included 100 Chongqing university students (56 females, 44males;61 majoring in science,19 majoring in arts),most of them are in their freshman year,the other are junior students. Materials Stress in college students is texted by 25 questions listed in each of 100 questionnaires. We tested it in three different aspects–academic pressure,emotional pressure and the pressure of employment. participants are requested to make multiple-choice or single choice so let us know the degree of their psychological pressure. Pressure degree is measured on the basis of Students pressure measure table. vii]And ways to handle pressure are concluded from these analysis . Procedure As our first step,we gave away 100 questionnaires ,then we collected the data and made an analysis of it using the Students Pressure Measure Table,at last,we put forward our view and suggestions. Note:M–male( 44); F–female(56);ST–science students(61);AT–arts students(39) Academic pressure group Emotional pressure group I. [pic] [pic] Unexpectedly,a significant difference between science students and arts students was found. However,there was no obvious difference between boys and girls was indicated.We deduced that the former phenomenon was due to the following reasons:For one thing,science students are busy doing their homework or experiments ,when compared with arts students,they have less time to experience loneness and their life maybe much simpler. This point of view was supported by Figure 2—Academic performance was more important for science students than arts students. As the saying goes:Simple is beautiful. Simple life lead to a higher happiness level. For another,it's a new trend which was observed by many sociologists that boys majoring in science are more appealing for girls than boys majoring in arts.Combining with the fact that Chongqing Universi ty's Male to Female ratio is 7 to 1. It's no surprise that boys majoring in science are less pressed by factors like romance but money is a problem. Also unexpectedly,we found that girls we surveyed put more attention the academic factors,Perhaps that's why girls feel more happy than boys–girlfriends' mood may always changing but your GPA is always there. Is that a reason why girls are always studying hard than boys in college? II. [pic] [pic] [pic] We predicted that girls are more easy to feel lonely and have a stronger urge of taking with others.Moreover,they might be more good at dealing with their psychological pressure. Our survey results partly support our idea:most girls are not always troubled with the feeling of loneliness and girls do know how to deal with own pressure—they write letters or diaries;they can cry out or go shopping with friends.. Unexpectedly,compared with boys,they are less likely to talk about their problems than boys. So,why? After looking t hrough our data collecting results,here is the reason:among the 54 girls we surveyed,39 are majoring in science.As we all know,in some science majors,girls are rare,say,The Civil Engineering,so it's no wonder they don't like to talk about it:female friends around them,especially in a same class are are. So,how about build a relationship with boys,treat them as their â€Å"girlfriends†? III. [pic] [pic] [pic] Unexpectedly,it seems like that most students who received our survey all have a familiar results according to the figure1,2,3. Half students will be pressed by others' views ,pressed by the mainstream definition of success,and pressed by dealing interpersonal relationships no matter he or she,science or arts.This phenomenon can be explained by the theory of Group Psychological Effects. ,which says because of the need of seeking belonging sense,individuals will obey the norms and standards of a certain group. However,Group Psychological Effects are not equivalent to each member,that's why the other choose an opposite choice. Also unexpectedly,girls are more pressured by â€Å"success† though we traditionally thought that boy was the one who shouldered too heavy an expectation. All in all,we found that students in Chongqing University generally stay in a healthy emotional pressure level,and the existence of there pressure sources might be a good thing.Because it can help college students mature both physically and mentally thus they will learn to understand others and get along well with themselves. We always believe that EQ is more important than IQ,so the pressure can increase their EQ,even stimulate them to rebuild a better self. Job-hunting pressure group Discussion The purpose of this study was to find how different levels of pressure college students bear and put forward constructive methods to deal with that.We predicted that a large number of college students are experiencing or have experienced different levels of depression caused by pressure. In this study,those students that we tested mostly showed healthy psychological condition and a good knowledge of ways to let out pressure. Thus,our hypothesis was not supported by this study. But,how and why? Is it true that college students are living happily and without pressure given by society. We postulate that this result can be explained by the following reasons:First of all,the concept of â€Å"vanity† may explain this unusual phenomenon.Fear of being other people see themselves vulnerable and the trend to pretend optimism as all people like optimistic make them choose some options which are not true. Secondly,our participants mainly are freshmen,in their first year in university,the impact of pressure from the three sources are small as everything is new which attract their most attention. Last but not least,it's maybe cultural background that affects our students choice. For example,most westerners are used to express theirs feelings directly,however,we Chinese are more familiar with words like†just so-so†,†not bad†,which are not clear to escribe our feelings. And that may make an effect on our survey. In conclusion, the results of this study provide some fascinating insights into the pressure level Chongqing University students feel. Contrary to what we predicted, most students may indeed always stay in a good psychological condition and know a lot to get alone with their emotion. This research and other research to follow will contribute to knowledge of the main condition of Chongqing University students and good ways to deal with pressure. —and possible advantages—of skipping meals.The mixed results of this study suggest that we have much more to learn about resisting pressure in college. ———————– [i] Rawson H E,Bloomer K,Kendall A. Stress,anxiety,depression and physical illness in college students. [J]. The Journal of Genetic Psycholog y,1999,155(3);321-330. [ii] Misra R,Mc Kean M. College students' academic stress and its relation to their anxiety,time management and leisure satisfaction[J]. American of Health Studies,2000,16(1);41-51. [iii] Armeli S,Gunthert K C,Cohen L H.Stressor appraisals,coping,and post-event outcomes:The dimensionality and antecedents of stress-related growth[J]. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,2001,20(3);366-395. [iv] Guo JinWu,She ShuangYu. A Preliminary Study of College Students' Sense of Life Stress. [J]Psychological Science,1996,19(2),;123-124. [v] Li Lun,Wang Qian. University Students' Mental Stress: Life Events And Coping Style Characteristics[J],Medicine And Society. 2002,8(1);27-31. [vi] Li Hong,Mei JinRong. Development of Stress Scale for College Students. [J]. Applied Psychology,2002,8(1),:27-31.

Newt Experiences at the Chetco River

Newt experiences at the Chetco river There are many things that might come to mind when a person thinks about camping along the Chetco River. Things like swimming , roating marshmallows over a crackling fire while warming up from the cool summer breeze, or even just the smell of the good ole outdoors. For me, however, the Chetco River brings yet another thing to mind :poison. It all started on a warm summer evening in June of 2001. My family and I, as we always did this time of year,had been camping for 2 or 3 days. My brother,Ethan and I had found our usual perch im the shallow parts of the river catching frogs and Red- bellied newts.Suddenly, a billowing voice came floating through the evergreens and out to the river where Ethan and I stood. It was our mom. â€Å" Come and wash up and eat,† she shouted. So Ethan and I obediently ran up to our campsite. Now, our mom always warned us to wash our hands after playing in the river because we could get sick, and we most always obe yed in fear of getting some terrible disease or worse. This particular occasion however, Ethan went through the typical routine of pouring some water from a gallon jug on his hands,rubbing it all together with soap and rinsing.I however, thought in my little uneducated seven year old mind, that I was somehow above all of that nonsense about death and poison. So while my brother was actually washing his hands and scrubbing off the poisonous slime left behind by the newts, I chose to just pretend that I ws washing my hands so that I could eat quicker. So I , with my slime covered hands, happily scarfed down my hotdog. â€Å" See nothing happened, those newts can't be poisonous. † I thought trying to convince myself that my mom was just over reacting.I went about my usual day running around the campsite, most likely driving any by-standers including my family insane. After about an hour of this ,I felt a sharp, intense pain in my side. I keeled over, gripping my gut. My mom, not icing that something wasn't right, ran over to me. â€Å"what's wrong? † â€Å" I don't feel good,† I Explained. So she sent me to the tent to rest, assuming that I had just run around too much after eating. After an few hours of restlessly lying there, I didn't feel any better. My stomach still felt like the Roman Coliseum on fight day. I couldn't move.I tried to call out to my mom, but where the words should have been, there was just a moan of sheer agony. After a few minutes, I heard footsteps. Finally she was answering my silent plea. She walked into the tent only to find me a motionless sweaty mess. â€Å" I won't be mad,† she started â€Å" but are you absolutely positive that you washed your hands really well before dinner? † Tears filled my eyes â€Å" I'm sorry! † I gasped â€Å" I lied. † â€Å" OK† was her only answer. With that , she sprung up and out of the tent. A few seconds later,i heard her voice talking to an inaudib le listener. well she was out playing with newts and didn't wash her hands before she ate and now she's really sick. † Her voice trembled a bit. As my mom continued to explain my predicament over the phone, I got more frightened by the minute. A few minutes later, the sound of wheels and sirens came. They stopped when it sounded like they were in our campsite. Within seconds, two men who I had never seen before came rushing into the tent toward me with two big bags and what looked to me like an alien mask. One man situated himself right behind me and laid my head on his lap.The other went around to my side and told me that they were going to take good care of me. All I had to do was puke. In a flash a third worker, this one female,came in with a long cot. The three of them hoisted me up onto the stretcher and into the ambulance. After what seemed like a lifetime,we got to the Brookings Hospital. They took me into a little white room with all white walls and teddy bear wallpape r. I wasn't sure exactly where I was, but I was too exhausted to think about it. A doctor came in. â€Å" What happened here? †he asked with a smile his face wrinkled with years of wisdom. we're gonna fix you all up OK? We'll just make sure you're OK, and you'll be better in no time. † After some time had passed, I was released from the hospital with little more than exhaustion and a stern warning to wash my hands before eating. We headed back to the campsite and continued our stay until the end of the week. The next day, I was fully recovered from my fiasco and Ethan and I went back to our everyday routine of catching newts and frogs, But this time, when mom called us for dinner, I was extra sure that my hands were clean. I never want to go through that again.

Challenges Within Youth Services †Education Essay

Challenges Within Youth Services – Education Essay Free Online Research Papers Challenges Within Youth Services Education Essay Within the context of youth work and the experiences of a youth worker an expansive range of diverse and multi-faceted issues, challenges and opportunities arise, exist and are intrinsically embedded in the provision of services to young people. It is virtually incomprehensible to conceptualise the diverse range of issues, challenges and opportunities experienced by all youth workers within all youth work areas of service. Rather we can overview and examine holistically the major issues, challenges and opportunities underpinning the contemporary discourse of the youth worker and youth service provision. It may also be important to note that many opportunities and challenges experienced may be deconstructed and compartmentalised within the framework of a broader issues thus enabling us to understand fundamental concerns informing and underlying practice. A major issue facing youth workers and youth services within our contemporary context is professionalism. Although this is primarily the concern of the youth worker, youth services are affected in all levels by this contentious issue. A undercurrent perception not uncommon regarding youth work often conceptualises and services as â€Å"positioned at the point of failure of mainstream† (Bessant et al 1998 p313) and youth workers at best an agent of social change holding the young person’s welfare at paramount concern (O’Shea 2005) at worst a worker uneducated or unaware of the needs of young people who may just be â€Å"hanging out† with young people or working against the interests of young people in fulfilling the interests of other parties rather than the youth (Bessant et al 1998) Youth Work is situated in a unique intermediatory position, as it does not fit within the existing framework of what constitutes a disciplined profession, which authoritatively includes elements such as formal training, a recognised body of knowledge, a code of ethics and registration with a professional association (Sercombe 1997 p19). Rather youth work is defined as â€Å"constituted by a particular kind of relationship between a professional and young people† (Bessant et al 1998 p230) with â€Å"the youth worker engaging the young person as the primary constituent† (Sercombe 1997 p18). Challenges faced regarding professionalism are plentiful especially for the youth worker as the common misperception of youth work as not a real job or profession may be detrimental to the youth worker and the youth service(Bessant et al 1998). This situation is somewhat exacerbated by the lack of specific qualification required for entry into the youth work sector and the limited avai lability of a specific body of knowledge, theoretical frameworks or literary contribution on youth work itself (Bessant et al 1998) This is challenging and at times may be compromising due to â€Å"the limited community understanding of the skills, qualifications and training of youth workers.† (Maunders and Broadbent 1995 p22) Educational options for youth workers although improving are still very limited and scarce, often disallowing youth workers or potential youth workers from developing a theoretical framework of understanding from which to conceptualise the planning and implementation of youth work practices (Maunders and Broadbent 1995) The lack of a youth work code of ethics is an issue of current contention with a calling for greater regulation and guidelines as a method to improve the standing of youth work comparatively to complementary disciplines such as Social Work or Psychology. (Sercombe 2002) Currently a draft code of ethics for Australia has been proposed by Howard Sercombe in attempt to gain greater clarity and unity of the youth work sector (Sercombe 2002) However at present youth workers and youth services must independently articulate and implement their own ethical standards and practices which may be problematic to the youth worker and youth service. A lack of cohesion and potential discrepancy between definitions and applications of ethical conduct may result in substandard quality or possibly harmful services for young people. This subsequently may further lead to the conceptualisation of youth work as unprofessional or even unethical. (Bessant et al 1998) The lack of recognition of youth workers by any youth work professional association is also a potential issue and challenge for youth workers and the youth sector with an exclusion from specific employment opportunities for youth workers in some governmental departments or in specific human services roles requiring professional recognition. (Bessant et al 1998) Dichotomous opportunities may be conceptualised when examining professionalism for both the youth worker and youth services. A dynamic and flexible approach to youth work for both the youth worker and the youth service may prove to be beneficial when â€Å"the lack of consensus means no blanket rules can be imposed on youth work as a profession† (Sercombe 1997 p21) This allows the individual youth worker to use their own devices to construct personal professional standards and ethics to adhere to while remaining adaptive and flexible to a wide range of issues and situations. Youth workers often also engage in the profession coming from various backgrounds and it must be recognised that the variety of disciplines, knowledge and experience applied to youth work practice is an opportunity for skill sharing and striving for the benefit of young people in a diverse and reflective manner. (Sercombe 1997) The youth service may also benefit from this adaptability with the opportunity to construct services without bureaucratic intervention or governance resulting in the idyllic possibility of an egalitarian and participatory approach and structure of youth work provision a benchmark to aspire to, differing from the rigidity and formal structure of many human and social service provision. (Bessant et al 1998) This may not always be able to be practically implemented however it may be prevalent in the theoretical construction of aims, objectives and overall purpose of a youth service. Juxtaposed to this we may consider professionalism as an opportunity that youth services and youth workers especially may wish to explore in the future in order to ensure that certain standards of conduct and practice be established for the youth worker and the youth service for holistic and consistent practice while simultaneously attempting to accommodate the diversity of approaches and practices in order to avoid a repercussion of rigid or maladaptive practice. Approaching some form of professionalisation of a well established sector might indeed prove inventive and successful in raising standards, increasing the flow of ideas and ensuring the greatest quality of service for young people. Another issue faced by youth workers and services is adapting to and accommodating to the needs of a diverse range of young people with multiple needs in an ever-changing environment. (Bessant et al 1998) A challenge to address and assist young people with their issues without limiting their experience â€Å"around the social stratification of age despite the fact that this is not the most stratifying factor in most young people’s lives.† (Stewart 1998 p36) which may be an increasing relevant challenge to youth workers and services as vast arrays of issues are faced in collaboration with young people. This may also be an opportunity for youth workers and youth services to further attempt to identify the multiple and diverse of young people and explore in consultation with young people possible avenues to adequately address and cater for diverse issues and clients within the youth service. The current political context within which we are located is a determinative component when exploring issues, opportunities and challenges of the youth worker and youth services. (Bessant et al 1998) A gradual transition into the adoption of conservative policy reform and service provision (O’Shea 2005) has proliferated into an issue of major concern to the youth sector with agendas of economic reform and economic rationalism (O’Shea 2005) manifesting public discourse prioritised over notions of social justice and empowerment, a prerogative of previous governmental policy. (Bessant et al 1998) The new neo-liberalist conservative policies (O’Shea 2005) governmentally embraced have resulted in the â€Å"re-shaping the way governments make policy and deliver youth related services.† (Bessant 1997 p36) This shift in the public sector has subsequently detrimentally impacted the youth sector with a movement towards increased competition, deregulation, privatisa tion and the introduction of new management practices such as competitive tendering and managerialism (Bessant et al 1998) in result forcing â€Å"public services to adopt practices of the private market, which some people argue is in conflict with the values underlying human service provision.† (Bessant et al 1998 p307) Many challenges have arisen within youth services and for youth workers with the movement towards the value principles of the market. (O’Shea 2005) A shift away from the value of quality and process within youth services towards quantity and outcome and that which is quantifiable and measurable ((Bessant et al 1998) in an attempt of â€Å"re-orientation based on concerns about minimising costs and maximum efficiency.† (Bessant et al 1998 p308). Although this is rationalised by the government as viable there are little opportunities for youth workers or youth services within this current schema of conservatism. (O’Shea 2005) Youth services and youth workers face multiple challenges as an attempt to provide the highest quality service amiss a market structure contradictory to their purpose (Bessant et al 1998) Restructuring or closure of services, higher accountability to governmental departments, pressure to compromise goals or philosophical viewpoint, funding unc ertainty, increasing job and service security as well as increasing workloads (Bessant et al 1998) have characterised this shift with the effectiveness measured by youth workers and services by â€Å"evaluating their ability to meet certain performance measurements, rather than their ability to contribute to broader social change.† (Bessant et al 1998 p310) The conflicting interests of youth workers and youth services in contrast with the government have increased pressure on services and workers increasing bureaucratic processes and output focus (Bessant et al 1998) which may detract in some manner from the ability of workers and services to work with and represent the needs of young people and possibly can compromise quality and availability of services. Funding of youth services is central to these concerns becoming increasingly competitive and prohibitive to get funding from the government (Bessant et al 1998) This has led to increasing job insecurity and heavier work responsibilities for youth workers (Bessant et al 1998) which is of increasing concern as the work environment of the youth worker is a significant factor to â€Å"strongly influence the way youth work is approached† (Bourke 2000 p41) These factors along with the potentially volatile nature of working conditions of the youth worker and the less than generous financial remuneration culminate in a less than satisfactory environment for a youth worker to become engaged in. (Bessant et al 1998) Youth peak organizations are also of major concern when examining the broader context of service provision within our current political milieu. (Bessant and Webber 2001) Funding cuts disbanded the Australian Youth Policy and Action Coalition (AYPAC) in 1999 echoing the government’s de-prioritising of youth concerns resulting in the formation of a youth roundtable which is unable to adequately address and represent the overall needs of the youth sector and services in collaboration with the remaining state peak bodies (Bessant and Webber 2001) This may pose an increasing challenge on youth services and also on the youth worker as inadequate representation and support to lobby and represent the needs and rights of young people and the youth work sector may have a detrimental impact on current and future service provision and the ability to have the voices and experiences of young people listened to and prioritised. (Bessant and Webber 2001) There is a diverse and ever changing range of options for youth workers and youth services in attempting to ensure that they embrace and act on arising opportunities as well as develop opportunities from issues and challenges or appropriately address issues and challenges to conceptualise, deconstruct and re-develop issues and challenges into an active framework within which movement and change are focal and explicit. This can be projected in our exploration of professionalism within youth work practice and its implications for the youth worker and youth services. Issues and challenges can be deconstructed and reconceptualized as opportunities which youth workers and youth services can take advantage of for the benefit of young people and their service provision. Opportunities exist in establishing a more concrete standards of conduct and practice relating to ethics and prioritising the young person within practice as a worker’s paramount concern (Bessant et al 1998) If this was to be approached effectively with the collaboration and consultation of young people, youth workers and youth services, standards and guidelines may be able to be establish which attempt not to impinge on the flexible and dynamic nature of youth work. The expansive knowledge and experience within the youth work sector may be an important inclusive factor in establishing ethics and standards as although many youth wo rkers may resist professionalisation due to potential inflexibility or exclusion, not many youth workers would argue a lack of support for ensuring the highest quality service and standards for young people. (Bessant et al 1998) Incorporating a bottom up development approach in establishing ethics and standards of practice also enables factors which may previously have not been considered to be brought into question and incorporated as relevant to the youth work sector. Establishing ethics and standards in a well developed and dynamic human service sector may achieve an insight and understanding not previously achieved or realistically articulated which may be a strength youth workers and youth services can build upon. Increasing educational options for existing youth workers and potential youth workers is another opportunity for youth workers and youth services in responding to the needs of young people and working towards the greatest benefit for each young person. Increasing educational opportunities has potential beneficial implications for youth work. These include an increase in youth worker skills including theoretical understanding; communication, understanding and conceptualising youth work practice and gaining practical experience within an educational context (Maunders and Broadbent 1995) Greater training opportunities may lead to a further development of a more specific body of knowledge encapsulating youth work and a greater literary contribution to the youth work sector in Australia. (Maunders and Broadbent 1995) Emphasis on the need for an increase in youth work educational opportunities and the development of appropriate strategies to raise awareness to this may involve advocacy for more tafe and university options and working on other methods within youth services to ensure workers have educational opportunities and opportunities to pursue interests or their knowledge base regarding young people and their needs. (Maunders and Broadbent 1995) There is an ever present expectation and pressure on youth workers and youth services to solve a plethora of young people’s issues and consistently provide a high quality, equitable service for young people within which they prioritised as the youth worker’s and youth service’s paramount concern. (Bessant et al 1998) This expectation although not unreasonable, fails to be contextualised within the broader spectrum of the political systems it is intrinsically tied to. The current neo-liberalist conservative focus of our government (Bessant et al 1998) has further problematised and challenged youth workers and services making service provision increasingly difficult. The youth sector faces quite a challenge if it wishes to adjust governmental thinking or appeal to the government’s sense of equality (Bessant et al 1998) thus in order to respond effectively to welfare service marginalisation by the government (Bessant et al 1998) youth workers and youth servi ces must build their support network to strengthen their lobbying and political power. (Bessant et al 1998) Improving the unity and communication between youth services would be an important step as well as attempting to strengthen state youth peak bodies and work towards the re-establishment of an adequate national youth peak body to address and represent the needs and rights of young people. A clear collaboration and identification of the needs of the youth sector would be beneficial in maintaining paramount focus on young people and the clear establishment of the position and principles underlying youth services relative to the governmental policies to work towards a more equitable of support and resources to the youth sector. Issues, opportunities and challenges facing youth workers and youth services are multi-faceted and entwined in contexts within which opportunities and challenges are often embedded within broader issues and may be interchangeable when deconstructed and reconceptualized. The micro and macro environment surrounding youth work are fundamental dichotomies in exploring youth workers and youth services. The micro environment considers the experience, structure and practice of youth work and the various issues such as professionalisation and diversity that affects or reconceptualizes this in any manner. The macro environment examines outside influences and their influence on youth workers and youth service provision. Throughout this research and examination of youth workers and youth services all issues, opportunities and challenged focused upon a relatively adaptable but clear concept highlighting the youth worker and youth service as playing a facilitative role in the assisting of the se lf actualisation and empowerment of young people, a concept and principle determined and unyielding, underpinning the diverse and flexible nature of youth work within Australia. References: Bessant, J., (1997) Free Market Economics and the New Direction for Youth Workers. Youth Studies Australia, 16 (2) 34-40. Bessant, J, and Sercombe, H, and Watts, R., (1998) Youth Studies: An Australian Perspective. South Melbourne: Addison Wesley Longman Australia Pty Limited. p235-239, p303-317. Bessant, J, and Webber, R., (2001) Policy and the Youth Sector: Youth Peaks and why we need them. Youth Studies Australia, 20 (1) 43-47. Maunders, D, and Broadbent, R., (1995) A Career in Youth Work? Youth Studies Australia, 14 (3) 20-25. O’Shea, P. (2005) Critique of Youth Policy and Practice. Lecture 3, 5, 6,8 10 [online]. Bankstown : University of Western Sydney. Available from: http://elearning.uws.edu.au/SCRIPT/400194_2005_aut/scripts/serve_home [Accessed 3 May 2005] Sercombe, H., (1997) The Youth Work Contract. Youth Studies Australia, 16 (4) 17-21 Sercombe, H., (2002) A (Draft) Code of Ethics for Youth Work, with Short Commentary [online] Sydney, Youth Action Policy Association. Available from: www.yapa.org.au/youthwork/ethicscode/draftcodewithcommentary.pdf [Accessed 5 May 2005] Stewart, H., (1998) Theorising Youth and Difference. Youth Studies Australia, 17 (2), 36-40. Bibliography: Banks, S., (1999) Ethical Issues in Youth Work. London : Routledge. Bourke, L., (2000) Youth Workers in Sydney: Doing a lot with a little. Youth Studies Australia, 19 (1) 38-43. Jeffs, T, and Smith, M., (1988) Welfare and Youth Work Practice. London: Macmillan Education. Sercombe, H., (1998) Power, Ethics and Youth Work. Youth Studies Australia, 17 (1) 18-23 Research Papers on Challenges Within Youth Services - Education EssayHip-Hop is ArtThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThree Concepts of Psychodynamic