Malaria in Ghana, Africa Essay - 526 Words

In this paper, I will compare the established health data to the data I gathered from my interview. I will analyze the established health data and statistics in order to find out if the actual health issues correlate to the perceived health issues that my interviewee mentioned. According to a study conducted by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2004, 61.9% of communicable diseases accounted for the cause of diseases among Ghanaian, 30.8% of non-communicable diseases accounted for the cause of diseases in this population, and 7.3% of injuries accounted for the cause of diseases in this population. Some of the non-communicable diseases are neuropsychiatric conditions, cardiovascular diseases, oral conditions, and neoplasm†¦show more content†¦The health care work force in Ghana is insufficient and not too many people from Ghana represent their health workforce. From statistics conveyed by the WHO from year 2000 to 2009, 1 out of 10,000 per population is a physician, whereas 10 out of 10,000 populations are nurses. The statistics gathered in 2008 by the WHO on utilization of health services shows that 87% of 1-year-olds have immunization coverage for Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) and 86% have immunization coverage for measles among the same age group. According to statistics gathered in 2006 by the WHO, the mortality rate per 10,000 populations is 109 and the preponderance of HIV among adults aged 15-49 years is 1.9%. The population of Ghanaian using ameliorated drinking-water sources has increased from 54% to 82% and the population using enhanced sanitation has increased from 7% to 13% within the period of 1990 to 2008. Based on the information above, the actual health issues in Ghana and the perceived health issues complement each other. The statistics presented by the actual health issues are similar to the perceived health problems my interviewee mentioned. Some of the perceived health concerns acknowledged by my interview were malaria epidemic, HIV/AIDS pandemic, poor sanitation, and abysmal health care system. Although my intervieweeShow MoreRelatedThe Fight Against Malaria, West Africa1638 Words   |  7 PagesIn Ghana, West Africa, the fight against malaria has been on since the 1950’s (Ghana Health Services, 2014). 3.5 million People contract malaria annually, with 25% of the death of children under the age of 5 tied to malaria (UNICEF, 2007). The effect on malaria on life, economy and productivity is devastating and every attempt aimed at controlling this epidemic is well targeted. Thus, for this project, we are designing a PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (PPM) targeted at malaria control in Ghana, West AfricaRead MoreMalaria Is A Preventable Disease1380 Words   |  6 PagesPart I: Background Malaria is a preventable disease transmitted by a female anopheles mosquito that has a global annual death impact of over one million mainly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa (Patricia Schlagenhauf-Lawlor, Funk-Baumann, M., 2005, pg. 6)(1). Although malaria is almost unheard of in developed countries like the United States, in the early 1900s malaria was just as prevalent as it is in sub-Saharan Africa today. The United States has eradicated local malaria due to increased financesRead MoreResearch Questions On Health Information Needs For Malaria Management1611 Words   |  7 Pagesprioritize the health information needs for malaria management in the Millennium Villages Project in Bonsaaso, Ghana†. Study 1 provided answers to research questions in Aim 1. Research questions were guided by Sittig and Singh’s 8-dimension STM framework and classified under the model’s dimensions. People dimension research questions helped understand who where the stakeholders that should be included in the study and their challenges to perform malaria related tasks. One of the research questionsRead MoreAfrica: Malaria Care Improves with Cash728 Words   |  3 PagesAfrica: Malaria Care Improves With Cash http://allafrica.com/stories/201304250118.html A question had been nagging at Ghanaian researcher Alexander Nartey. Since Ghana’s government had made health insurance available to the country’s poor to ease the burden of health care, why were so many people still paying cash, including those seeking basic treatment for malaria? The Ghanaian government in 2003 introduced its National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), which Nartey called a â€Å"pro-poor policy†Read MoreWest Africa s Struggle With Health Care1721 Words   |  7 PagesWest Africa’s Struggle with Health Care Africa is the cradle of the humanity, and the second most populated continent. West Africa has suffered from lack of infrastructure and healthcare. This handicap is characterised by the weather knowing that the west in close to the equator. The tropical climate bring a lot of mosquitos, wich brings malaria to the children and the women. One of the major need are the number of doctors is low. Most African countries import their medicine from the exterior:Read More Malaria Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pages Malaria is regarded as one of the worlds deadliest tropical parasitic diseases. It claims more lives than any other communicable disease except tuberculosis. In Africa and other developing countries, it also accounts for millions of dollars in medical costs. Malaria, however, is a curable disease if promptly diagnosed and adequately treated. Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the parasite plasmodium. In recent years, most cases in the U.S. have been in people who have acquired the diseaseRead MoreBuilding A Sustainable Future For The People Of Ghana Through Community Based Health And Education Projects1615 Words   |  7 PagesFrom this initial partnership grew an organization that, according to their literature, seeks to assist in building a sustainable future for the people of Ghana through community-based health and education projects. The organization’s Western leadership indicate that this approach followed from a community assessment whereby a collaborative partnership of Local opinion leaders (e.g. school headmasters, church leadership, political figures) and a group of medical, social work, and law students fromRead More The Economic Development Of Ghana Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pages The Economic Development of Ghana Ghana is an African country located on the western side of Africa. Its neighbors are Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and Cote DIvoire to the west. It has a population of 18,100, 703 and a population density of 197 people per square mile. Ghana is 92,098 square miles and English is its official language. The capital city of Accra has around 1, 673,000 people residing in it. There are the physical statistics, now ontoRead MoreChildhood Mortality Rates in Sub-Saharan Africa Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesSince World War II, Sub-Saharan Africa has seen notable improvements in child survival; however, childhood mortality conditions continue to lag behind. Ghana is said to be â€Å"an island of peace and stability† in the volatile landscape of Sub-Saharan West Africa; a success story of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (Atakpu, 2004). Its success has put Ghana as the leader in human development among the countries in that region. Although, the infant mortality rate and mortality rate of childrenRead MoreCase Study : Bang For Their Buck Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagesnot pretend to know the problems in advance, instead, they find the customers they are supplying aid to and attempts to find a more â€Å"homegrown† solution using aid, instead of implementing foreign ideas without consulting anyone else. Countries like Ghana need â€Å"Searchers† to actively find problems on a community level, instead of the blanket approach they have experienced with unsuccessful results before. Scholars on the other side of the argument, who believe current methods of foreign aid are still

Global Financial Crisis Of 2007-08 - 2494 Words

Introduction The global financial crisis of 2008-09 that spread contagiously across the globe has particularly hit the European economies hard, accentuating turmoil in the world financial markets and precipitating the European sovereign debt crisis almost instantaneously. This has consequently wiped away all of the EU’s accomplishments in economic growth and job creation (European Commission, 2010a:3). Statistics published subsequently exposed the magnitude of the crisis: real GDP contracted by 4%, unemployment soared at an unprecedented level, public finances deteriorated, and social cohesion in the EU has fragmented (Eurostat, 2010). The crisis has also exposed the fundamental weakness of the Union, especially in the face of new challenges from emerging market competition, an ageing population, and depletion of resources. Therefore, the Europe 2020 strategy adopted by the European Commission in 2010 introduces a new growth model for the EU to respond to the various challenges mentioned a bove, particularly the global financial crisis. (European Commission, 2010a:5). The Europe 2020 strategy aims to create an environment for â€Å"smart, sustainable and inclusive growth† achieved through the 5 interrelated headline targets of employment, innovation, education, social inclusion, and climate change/energy (Europe Commissions, 2010d). To support the targets, 7 flagship initiatives have also been initiated. To achieve â€Å"smart growth†, Europe 2020 simultaneously promotes anShow MoreRelatedThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2007 / 081194 Words   |  5 Pagestrillion dollars. The Australian government has to deal with multiple issues in the macroeconomic world to achieve three goals. The factors affecting these goals have to be identified and either harnessed or blocked by the government. The Global Financial Crisis of 2007/08 also caused the Australian government to deal with its failure to reach its macroeconomic goals. The three domestic objectives of government Australia’s three macroeconomic goals are equally important in keeping stability in theRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of The Usa1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe recent global financial turmoil started on July 2007 ,mainly in the USA and spread among developed nations in the later part of 2008 and subsequently shifted to the developing nations .this crisis consisted of some prime drawbacks not only for the developed countries but also for developing countries .the most talked about issue in the recent financial arena in the global financial crisis ,which started to show its effect in the middle of the year 2007.the turmoil ,however ,was rooted in theRead MoreDeregulation Is The Underlying Cause Of The 2007 / 08 Financial Crisis1382 Words   |  6 Pagesderivatives. The Financial crisis in 2007-2008 brought the massive hurt to everyone in the world. The worldwide financial problem affected thirty million people loosing their jobs and cause many countries getting close to g o bankrupt (Peah, 2014). This is the global issue that everyone should be consider of. The purpose of this essay is to determine if the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08 financial crisis. The essay argues the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08 financialRead MoreFinancial Crisis : The Fiscal Crisis1355 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral, a financial crisis is not an accident; it may take several years and has complex and interlaced causes (Claessens and Kodres, 2014). The 2007-08 global financial crisis is a typical case due to long-term non-intervention policy and loose regulation for financial market from government. Moreover, it involved the complex relationship between government and financial institutions. In order to look at this issue in particular, this essay first goes though the timeline of the 2007-08 financial crisisRead MoreThe Great Recession And The Housing Crisis1600 Words   |  7 Pagesrecession of 2007 -2008 and the Housing bubble a nd the latter talks about the newspapers articles and other opinions of economists which support the idea of approaching bubble. These reflect the conditions in those specific areas related to them or demonstrate the housing behavior in overall United States. THE GREAT RECESSION The financial crisis that began in August 2007 has been the most severe of the post-World War II era and, possibly--once one takes into account the global scope of the crisis, its broadRead MoreThe Deregulation Of Domestic Financial Sector1288 Words   |  6 PagesToday, it is considered to be a common knowledge, that the deregulation of domestic financial sector and opening of capital account of the balance of payments played a major role in the recent economic crisis of 2007-08. Policies, that have been stated above can be put together and named as the liberalization of the capital account. Liberalization stands for lessening of government regulations and restrictions in the economy. It offers a certain sector of the economy an opportunity to compete internationallyRead MoreFinancial Crisis And Its Effects On The World Economy1467 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Between the years of 2007 to 2008, the world was faced with a major financial meltdown with global market failures and economies in shambles. The emergence of subprime mortgages and the collapse of securitized derivatives led to much speculation of different causes. What was the root factor that led to the triggering of this financial crisis? This research conducts a comparative analysis of my research and beliefs on the cause of the crisis contrary to other researchers’ conclusions. ItRead MoreRole Of Investment And Commercial Banks Play On The Global Economy Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: This paper will examine the roles that investment and commercial banks play in creating and predicting systemic risk in the global economy. This topic is of particular relevance due to the events that unfolded in the economic sphere nearly a decade ago during the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Our study will provide a detailed rendering of the crisis, outlining each of the key factors that contributed to the crash in an attempt to gain a better understanding of what happened and how toRead MoreHow Banks Went Broke : A Look Into The Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081696 Words   |  7 Pages Lawrence Humes 4/28/15 Mr. Donnellan Period 1 How Banks Went Broke: A Look into the Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 Nobody foresaw what was about to happen to the economy. In the beginning of the 21st Century the economy was at a state of peace and unity. People were taking loans and purchasing houses that they normally couldn’t afford while these houses were increasing in value. The banks were giving out loans to the people to purchase the houses and earning money on the interest ofRead MoreIntroduction Of The Bank Of England986 Words   |  4 Pagesfascinating for one to track on how the global financial integration has been evolving for the past century. Understanding the evolution of output is possible by looking at the measured stocks of the external assets and liabilities; together with the cumulative consequences of the past cross-border capital flows. Global integration of trade and finance started prior to the World War I, at the time when the capital liberalization was last at their peak. Both global integration of trade and finance fell

Stem Cell Research Should Not Be Allowed - 1170 Words

I live in a very small community where people come together when hardships arise. The community joins together as one with support and love for each other. Recently, an eight year old boy named Jaylen, who goes to the same elementary school I attended, was diagnosed with Batten Disease. Our community came together in support of â€Å"Jaylen’s Journey†. In honor of Jaylen and to aid his family in covering medical cost, the community held a 5K, sold t-shirts, and created a Facebook page. Batten Disease attacks the nervous system and vision loss occurs. Currently, a cure does not exist for Batten Disease, and without surgery, Jaylen is expected to die before he is 16 years old. The hope of a cure for Jaylen comes through an experimental surgery†¦show more content†¦Due to this characteristic, healthy stem cells can be placed into a human body to replace diseased cells. Doing so, can treat or even cure certain diseases such as cancer or in Jaylen’s case, Batten Disease (â€Å"Stem Cell Basics† N.p). This was demonstrated when Sorrel Mason was diagnosed with a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia at the age of two. Given a thirty percent chance to survive, she received a transplant matching umbilical cord cells with hers, she has since recovered and is now healthy. Her mother, Samantha Mason, said â€Å"her daughter made a full recovery since undergoing the transplant† (Japanese stem cells saved girl’s life† N.p). Another example where the use of stem cells resulted in a cure was in the case of a man whose vision was restored through an eye transplant using a corneal patch grown from adult stem cells. Dr. Mark Daniel, who helped lead the research reported, He had reduced mobility, could not read and could not work, but he has now resumed duties as an accountant, enjoys sight (slightly lower than normal 20/20 acuity) and has increased mobility and quality of life and renewed optimism† (Adult Stem C ell Patch Restores Vision† N.p). Stem cells can also be used to prolong one’s life with the use of drug testing and by growing different diseased cells in a dish to see where the error is occurring. If

Essay on The Arab-Israeli Conflict and Outside Influence...

The Arab-Israeli Conflict and Outside Influence on It The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict has always been an international one. It has never been simply a local problem. Foreign powers have been involved since 1914, and, since 1973, the whole world has been affected by the rise in oil prices, which are a consequence of the Yom Kippur War. The first sign of trouble between the two religious groups came just after the First World War when tension between the two groups grew when some Jews migrated to Palestine. In 1921 there were violent clashes between the Jews and the Arabs this was caused by the influx of Jewish immigrants. All the while from 1933 to 1948 many Jews fled persecution in†¦show more content†¦In 1956 the Suez crisis involved two of Europes major powers France and Britain who were at war with Egypt over the Suez Canal and Israel joined with the British and French, however the worlds leading power the USA opposed the war and the Soviet Union threatened military action upon the three countries if they didnt pull out of the war. Again after the intervention and action taken by the British and French it was left to the UN to pick up the pieces and resolve the hatred caused by this war between Israel and Egypt. I believe that Britain and France should not have allowed Israel to join in the war beca use the gulf between Jews and Arabs was widening daily. So to be aware of this fact it wasnt surprising that the Egyptians and the Jews were at war again. In 1967 there was the infamous six-day war between Israel and Egypt, the Jews defeated the Egyptians in the June of 1967. The UN was called upon again and they passed Resolution 242 to try to solve the rising hatred felt between the Arabs and the Jews. I believe the Middle Eastern countries were becoming too reliant on foreign intervention to solve problems that they caused or they were apart of it. So great was the hatred between Arabs andShow MoreRelatedAmerican Media Coverage Of The Israeli Arab Conflict1551 Words   |  7 PagesMedia coverage of the Israeli-Arab conflict What is an Arab? In a great number of movies Hollywood provides the answer to this question: Arabs are cruel murderers, sleazy rapists, religious fanatics, oil-rich dimwits, and abusers of women (Shaheen 2). This is how Hollywood shows Arabs to the world. Throughout the history we can trace the discrimination in several media industry against African-American, Jewish, and Hispanic people. However, in some North America’s media Arabs are depicted more negativelyRead MoreThe Effect of Outside Powers on the Arab-Israeli Conflict Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Outside Powers on the Arab-Israeli Conflict The tension in the Middle East is a constant problem; originating from both historical and religious claims to the area. It is strengthened, as both parties have convinced themselves that they are right, and are victims of the other side. Furthermore, it has been fuelled by the involvement of the Western powers, as well as the stubbornness of the Middle Eastern powers, not wanting to go the peace talks with the Read MoreArab Israeli Conflict 883 Words   |  4 Pages1.1 WHAT IS THE ARAB ISRAELI CONFLICT? The Arab-Israeli conflict is a hotly contested issue both in the Middle East and the broader global community.1 The modern conflict is essentially a dispute over the area known up until 1948 as Palestine, which is considered holy to all three major monotheistic religions.2 The primary parties in the conflict are Israeli (formerly Zionist) Jews and Palestinian Arabs (who are predominately Muslim).3 It is one of the unresolved problems bequeathed to the regionRead MoreThe Palestinian Conflict Of The Middle East1654 Words   |  7 PagesIsraeli-Palestinian Conflict The creation of two sovereign states is the only possibility of a peaceful end to the conflict over historical Palestine in the Middle East. To achieve this, a third-party must offer enough incentive to both the Arabic and Jewish states and create a sovereign Palestinian state. This is not a very probable outcome, as the conflict is rooted in the peoples’ traditions and beliefs making it much harder to compromise. I predict this conflict will end in the overwhelmingRead MoreThe Influence of the US and USSR in the Palestinian-Isreaeli Conflict1018 Words   |  4 Pagesa homeland for all Jews in what was now Israel after being displaced for many years. This led to conflict between the Arabs and the Jews about who had rights to this homeland, with both the Arab Muslims and the Jewish Israelis having biblical claims to the cities in the Middle East. This conflict was further fuelled by both the USA and the USSR as they were trying to spread their sphere of influence by supplying aid in the form of weapons, ammunition and support to gain access to valuable resourcesRead MoreThe Middle East Conflict Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle East Conflict The country previously known as Palestine but now as Israel has sparked major military and political confrontations between Arabs and Israelis during the 20th century in the Middle East. The area, which both groups of people claim is rightly their homeland is smaller then Britain, surrounded on the West by the Mediterranean Sea and on the other sides by neighbouring Arab countries. The Israelis believe it is rightly their homeland becauseRead MoreThe Tale Of The Endless Conflict1699 Words   |  7 PagesEndless Conflict INTRODUCTION The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a sector of the Arab-Israeli conflict. At large, it is the result of misunderstandings and inactions. This conflict has been greatly influenced and altered by the opinions and movements made by outsiders, specifically international powers such as the United States. Those states have both helped and hurt the situation; moreover, the attempts of exterior mediation have ultimately furthered the extremes of both the Israelis and the PalestiniansRead MoreEssay on The Role of Religion in Foreign Policy1019 Words   |  5 Pagesoverlooked. This omission of such an important factor that influences international politics in so many ways and on so many levels is detrimental and should be addressed (Fox, 2001:73). Religion influences international politics in varied ways. The phenomenal role of religion in foreign policy is not new or in dispute. Fox purports that religion, in more ways than one, is tied to other issues that distinctly influence international politics. There is a link between religionRead MoreBenedict Andersons Ideas of Nationalism1858 Words   |  7 Pagescould simultaneously address Palestinian anger over Israeli settlements on the one hand, and Israels persistent security concerns on the other, against a backdrop of political tumult and popular uprisings in neighboring Egypt. By understanding these theories, State Department pronouncements can sell the idea of peaceful coexistence over the heads of governments and directly to the people in the street who are making policy in the wake of the Arab Spring. Analysis In the chapter on cultural roots,Read MoreEssay about Palestine And Isreal Conflict1388 Words   |  6 Pageslands have been ongoing for about two thousand years with little to no resolution in sight. Everyday, on the news, there is a story about how there was retaliation over the killing of a Palestinian or Israeli. As a result of these more are killed leading to the cyclical pattern of retribution. This conflict has diminutive weight in the eyes of the people of the world since it has been carried on for so long. The argument for both groups is a claim that Jerusalem is the rightful possession of their religion

The Victorian Villain Goes A Governessing English Literature Essay Free Essays

‘O scoundrel, scoundrel, smiling, damned scoundrel! ‘ I v 106 crossroads. Iago, Lovelace, Willoughby, Dracula, Lecter, Lestat, Voldemort, the intrigues of these and countless other literary scoundrels are frequently queerly absorbing and tempting. Indeed, throughout literature, the image of the scoundrel frequently proves to be the far more interesting character than the victim of their villainousness or the text ‘s hero. We will write a custom essay sample on The Victorian Villain Goes A Governessing English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now For many, the Victorian scoundrel is synonymous with the propertyless male as epitomised by Dickensian originals, for illustration the beastly Bill Sikes or the corruptor of artlessness, the predatory Fagin in Oliver Twist ( 1838 ) .[ 1 ]However, the coming of the esthesis novel during the 1860s heralded a new coevals of scoundrels, a coevals that sent both shockwaves and bangs through the literary universe and its readership. Initially, in what is considered the kick offing novel of the genre, The Woman in White ( 1860 ) ,[ 2 ]villainousness continues to be a masculine state as seen in the plants of Dickens, with the word picture of the puzzling Count Fosco, who with his ‘rod of Fe ‘ and chemical science set is arguably one of the most ill-famed scoundrels of the genre.[ 3 ]However, the esthesis novel apparently equates the scoundrel non with the propertyless male or the Gothic blue blood of old genres but with a new original of villainy – the villainess. This gendering of villainousness has led critics such as Hughes to observe that, ‘In the esthesis novel of the Lady Audley tradition, the heroine ‘s rightful topographic point is usurped wholly by the villainess, the golden-haired imposter who masquerades as a conventional married woman while plotting slaying on the side. ‘[ 4 ]Gone are the eighteenth-century portraitures of the innately virtuous heroine, such as Richardson ‘s Pamela and Clarissa, who emphasise the incorruptibility of the heroine as she battles to protect her repute and female pureness, or the early nineteenth-century ‘s word pictures of the reformed flirt who finally conforms as epitomised by Austen ‘s Emma Woodhouse.[ 5 ]In their topographic point stood the extramarital, bigamous, frequently homicidal, angel of the fireplace turned devil in the pretense of the respectable married woman, female parent or governess. This new strain of anti-heroines As Showalter argues, ‘ [ esthesis fiction ] conveys the menace of new phantasies, new outlooks, and even female rebellion ‘[ 6 ], This challenge to the conventional function of adult females ‘silly novels by lady novelists ‘ angel turned demon Mary Elizabeth Braddon ‘s Lady Audley ‘s Secret ( 1862 )[ 7 ] the incorruptibility of the heroine, the angel of the fireplace, is replaced The transmutation of the angel of the fireplace into the scheming devil The outgrowth of the esthesis novel in the 1860s marked the reaching of a new coevals of female supporters. The beatific married womans and girls of old genres were replaced by intriguing bigamists, manque murderesses and unreliable fornicatresss, who were prepared to utilize whatever agencies necessary, including their gender, to accomplish their intent. The transmutation of the scoundrel from the typical low-class male of old literary genres ( epitomised by Dickens ) to the apparently guiltless angel of the fireplace at the same time shocked and thrilled Victorian readers and critics likewise. The suggestion that a adult female would utilize her gender in order to perpetrate offenses such as bigamy and fraud, that she would get married strictly for her ain personal ( normally fiscal ) addition, and non out of love, outraged the moralists of the clip and captivated every category of reader. Numerous critics campaigned against the word picture of characters such as Braddon ‘s L ady Audley ( Lady Audley ‘s Secret ) and Collins ‘ Lydia Gwilt ( Armadale ) , protesting that esthesis novels were ‘debasing to everyone concerned ‘ ( Oliphant, 1867, in Pykett, 1992: 48 ) and a ‘morbid phenomenon of literature – indicants of a widespread corruptness, of which Married Woman ‘s Property Act divorce 1857 Victorian heroine conjures up images of Ambition, self-assertion and the desire for power and freedom of pick are character traits frequently used by novelists to heighten and progress the position of the male supporter. In a female supporter they are counter qualities which label her an aberrance to her sex. Ill-famed villainess by far the most interesting character – the villainess. The low-class male of old literary genres The esthesis novelists offered readers a new sort of scoundrel – the villainess. Aberrant muliebrity. the map of a heroine to function as an object of designation Adeline Sergeant suggests another ground for the popularity of such characters – a rebellion against the ‘inane and impossible goodness ‘ of old literary heroines ( Sergeant, in Mitchell, 1981: 74 ) . There can be no possible uncertainty that the evil of adult male is less catastrophic, less black to the universe in general, than the evil of adult female. That is the flood tide of all bad lucks of the race. Whughes 135 Margaret oliphant Outraged Victorian esthesias Mary Elizabeth Braddon synonymous with the creative activity of a new type of female supporter the angel turned devil. Patrilineal heritage offspring Gaskell Ruth Richardson ‘s Clarissa Wollstonecraft Maria The governess liminal figure equivocal place tabula rasa Ambition, self-assertion and the desire for power and freedom of pick are character traits frequently used by novelists to heighten and progress the position of the male supporter. In a female supporter they are counter qualities. Inversion of the melodramatic stereotype of heroine Showalter puerperal passion 71malady The outgrowth of the esthesis novel in the 1860s marked the reaching of a new coevals of female supporters. The beatific married womans and girls of old genres were replaced by intriguing bigamists, manque murderesses and unreliable fornicatresss, who were prepared to utilize whatever agencies necessary, including their gender, to accomplish their intent. The transmutation of the scoundrel from the typical low-class male of old literary genres ( epitomised by Dickens ) to the apparently guiltless angel of the fireplace at the same time shocked and thrilled Victorian readers and critics likewise. The suggestion that a adult female would utilize her gender in order to perpetrate offenses such as bigamy and fraud, that she would get married strictly for her ain personal ( normally fiscal ) addition, and non out of love, outraged the moralists of the clip and captivated every category of reader. Numerous critics campaigned against the word picture of characters such as Braddon ‘s L ady Audley ( Lady Audley ‘s Secret ) and Collins ‘ Lydia Gwilt ( Armadale ) , protesting that esthesis novels were ‘debasing to everyone concerned ‘ ( Oliphant, 1867, in Pykett, 1992: 48 ) and a ‘morbid phenomenon of literature – indicants of a widespread corruptness, of which they are in portion both the consequence and the cause ‘ ( Mansel, 1863, in Pykett, 1992: 51 ) . ‘the adventuress marries without love and hence submits to arouse without love. Even though the entry takes topographic point within matrimony, the adventuress is frequently shown to be evil because of her sexual willingness. ‘ ( Mitchell, 1981: 76 ) . Sabotaging traditional household values La extreme of female rebellion The villainess makes the out tangible Hughes remarks on the outgrowth of this new literary phenomenon by stating that, The supporter ‘no longer runs off from the manque bigamist ; she is more likely to dabble in a small bigamy of her ain. ‘ ( Hughes, 1980: 9 ) . The madwoman in the Attic had been transformed, from ‘a discolouredaˆÂ ¦ . barbarian face [ with ] aˆÂ ¦.red eyes and the fearful blackened rising prices of the qualities. ‘ ( Bronte, C. , 1847: 317 ) into a demure and attractive Siren, whose ‘fair face shone like a sunray. ‘ ( LAS, 7 ) and who was, by all outward visual aspects, the perfect married woman. Titillation of female villainousness Outside bounds of society villainess made by society In Shakespeare the hero was baronial and remote. Voice and ordain our deepest desires, feelings, ideas. Villain can resemble the hero Lady Audley reveals the paradox that it is the female ‘s aberrant behavior that renders her other, but one time she is ‘othered ‘ her behavior becomes more utmost. Use governess ambivalent place used to analyze adult female ‘s place Disreputable yesteryear Wealth position and repute of course follows barchester histories mr moffatt Encapsulates everything that work forces are most afraid of female gender Morality narrative Unacknowledged desires Lydia female volatility lady Audley female surveillance sensing Victorian readers least resemble scoundrels non like us but surprisingly they teach us about ourselves. As Pam Morris argues, ‘women map as the other which allows work forces to build a positive self-identity as masculine. ‘[ 8 ] Ultimate misdemeanor Schemer with ability to pull strings her victims Does n’t repent actions but non crave for an unchecked immorality Lydia ‘s aspiration gathers momentum at that place becomes a unsighted urgency to accomplish her desire to go Mrs Allan Armadale Villain becomes an improbable figure one that ab initio looks and acts like the archetypical angel. This is non to state that esthesis novelists are undertaking evil forces on the page Witness the growing of immorality in one of patriarchate ‘s most powerful images of pureness womankind perverting influence on kids. Not descent into lawlessness or debasement Recognizable new degree of complexness Governess the Respectable face of villainy the governess Disturbing is the Ordinariness of these adult females ‘s state of affairss makes their actions flooring to Victorian reader. A recognizable individual one that they may use in their places. Relative employed as governess. She ‘s non different to us non recognizable as scoundrel. Close propinquity of villainousness. Disparity in their lucks ‘it ‘s a deal. ’11 Abandoned kid but principled she works so marries to supply for him.see gilbertdiseasedesire104 Governess ‘s place site of struggle ‘It is non until her individuality hat she becomes a true scoundrel. ‘ Deseasedesire102 Miss Morley ‘pale governess ‘ features that are identifiable as those of 100s of governesses and females. Fifteen old ages of ‘a governess of five-and-thirty old ages of age traveling place to get married a adult male to whom she had been engaged 15 old ages ‘ p.13 ‘a monster nugget turned up under my spade, and I came upon a gilded sedimentation of some magnitude. A fortnight afterwards I was the richest adult male in all the small settlement about me. I travelled post-haste to Sydney, realised my gold findings which were deserving upwards of ?20,000’p.22 What turns Lucy from the ‘doll like ‘ married woman into the villainess is a turn of fate return of hubby Robert ‘s grim chase for George ‘s whereabouts quest to detect her true individuality. Latent lunacy inherited from female parent. Doubly abject female parent Lydia predatory looking for chances to progress her societal position. Power enviousness treachery fright choler desire Femme fatale Life has pushed Lydia Lucy to villainy Writers such as set their narrations in foreign climates or in a landscape of phantasy and fable the scoundrel ‘s actions can non impact civilized society no menace but the power of the esthesis set their narrations in recognizable topographic points and state of affairss. Reader recoils from Lydia but what ‘s she traveling to make next. Lydia ‘s self-destruction the dramatic release from her societal place she has craved. Detailed psychological make-up Fictional scoundrel normally gets his deserts or meets a bloody terminal Jean societal ‘misfit ‘ but we can understand her predicament. Isabel sympathise with her actions apprehensible. The power of Lydia ‘s character is to propose that adult females are ambidextrous, untrusty. Ill-famed villainess by far the most interesting character profligate Robert Lovelace CLarissa Samuel Richardson, Fagin non lovable knave corrupted the artlessness of kids condemnable marauder. Fosco cosmopolite appeal, unusual powers, out believing outsmart investigators, sophisticated, relishes his power, Marian worthy advisory, possibility he will be master, new sort scoundrel reflects scientific thought of clip, unbelieving godless creates his ain moral model, wiw twelvemonth after beginning species, tickle pinking yet terrorizing character. Trained chemist sinister sense events narcotics Imbues work forces with great passion Juggling No redeeming characteristics Without self-doubt, self-questioning, self-despair believes their societal place offers some signifier of exoneration for their actions. Catalyst to events ‘ I do non state that Robert Audley was a coward, but I will acknowledge that a tremble of horror, something kindred to fear, chilled him to the bosom, as he remembered the atrocious things that have been done by adult females, since that twenty-four hours upon which Eve was created to be Adam ‘s comrade and help-meet in the garden of Eden. What if this adult female ‘s beastly power of deception should be stronger than the truth, and oppress him? She had non spared George Talboys when he had stood in her manner, and menaced her with a certain hazard ; would she save him who threatened her with a far greater danger? Are adult females merciful, or loving, or sort in proportion to their beauty and their grace? 273-4 La ‘the female wrongdoer is the venue of horror, the site where the incomprehensible panics of domesticity can be explained and surmounted. ’36 Hart Lady Audley putting to deaths premeditated in order to prolong her socially and financially unafraid function of married woman place she has attained via misrepresentation. Gilbert ‘Lady Audley ‘s narrative shows that adult females are most evil when they conform to societal outlooks. ‘ Disease desire 96 sarcasm society labels adult females as adventuress, vill adult females who attract the male regard ‘I did retrieve this ; and it was, possibly, this that made me selfish and heartless ; for I suppose I am heartless. As I grew older I was told that I was reasonably — beautiful — lovely-bewitching. I heard all these things at first indifferently ; but by-and-by I listened to them avariciously, and began to believe that in malice of the secret of my life I might be more successful in the universe ‘s great lottery than my comrades. I had learnt that which in some indefinite mode or other every schoolgirl learns sooner or subsequently — I learned that my ultimate destiny in life depended upon my matrimony, and I concluded that if I was so prettier than my schoolmates, I ought to get married better than any of them. ‘350 Braddon suggests that adult females ‘s future individuality founded on the necessity to procure a good matrimony. Marriage based on the demand for societal and economic security, adult females ‘s fright of poorness, non on love. Phoebe marries out of fright afraid Luke will be ‘violent and vindictive ‘ ( p.107 ) if she is non submissive and compliant to his demands. Female individuality fluid Robert self-fulfillment romantic hero sub-plot masculinastion Faulkes – Writer ‘s confederate thrusts narrative, readers see events unfold, gives us familiarity with scoundrel, sometimes hard non to take his side Dynamic qualities make them appealing. Suspicious of sudden displacement in category mobility. Free herself from societal limitation. Social order must stay stable. Love makes Lydia refocus her hatred and vindictive nature. Redemption by decease delegating. A character so flawed anti-heroine La wholly focused on her ain societal demands egoistic appears to hold no feelings whatsoever. Ideal heroine person like Florence dombey 1848 of this novel to bind in with 1860s lizzie Hexam our mutal friend 1864 possibly self-denying motherly caring epitome angel. Everything La is non. Abandons kid. Success means money and security no room for love. 298Fatal necessities of privacy†¦ how complete an actress my lady had been made by the atrocious necessity of life. Jean letters reveal her motive, pigment in her function of victim. Jean arising against function of victim, relics of one time honorable nature. Greatest humor aspiration. Divorcee far more insurgent than bigamist. Bad adult females but still fulfil function of hero admire her for her sense of intent victimised position. Austere ‘passionate, amply sexual femme fatale, who has a cryptic yesteryear, an electrifying nowadays, and a vindictive future’xv presentation. Lydia rational self-aware Robert Audley needs Gerald Coventry Allan Armadales need the figure of the governess in order to happen themselves. The governess didactic map does non halt at the direction cosmetic achievements, French. Their behavior is doubtless indocile but to ask rightful topographic point in the patriarchal order. Fetterley argues that Jean Muir ‘s narrative ‘articulates a extremist review of the cultural concepts of â€Å" muliebrity † and â€Å" small muliebrity, † exposing them as functions that adult females must play, masks they must set on in order to last. Therefore, Jean must play the function of the inactive and submissive beauty, but with the computation of a marauder, in order to achieve the wealth and position she urgently desires. ‘[ 9 ]This is undeniably accurate, and Jean ‘s letters to her co-conspirator, Hortense, reveal that she calculates her every move with the ‘cunning of a marauder. ‘ As Jean embarks on her new life as Lady Coventry the combustion of her letters is the symbolic rejection of her past life but the successful devastation of the ‘cunning marauder ‘s ‘ past life besides symbolises triumph and farther authorization of the indocile female. In decision, the villainess in esthesis fiction the heroine can be said is portrayed as more person than Godhead, a flesh and blood. The Victorian Villain Goes A-Governessing In Shakespeare the hero was baronial and remote. La victim merely every bit much as villainess abandoned. Few options workhouse the streets or governessing. Madness convenient fiction see Juliet toilet gumshoe vil googbk Appearance inversion of countenance. Suspicious of sudden displacement in category moility. Free herself from societal limitation. Social order must stay stable. Love makes Lydia refocus her hatred and vindictive nature. Redemption by decease delegating. A character so flawed anti-heroine La wholly focused on her ain societal demands egoistic appears to hold no feelings whatsoever. Ideal heroine person like Florence dombey 1848 of this novel to bind in with 1860s lizzie Hexam our mutal friend 1864 possibly self-denying motherly caring epitome angel. Everything La is non. Abandons kid. Success means money and security no room for love. 298Fatal necessities of privacy†¦ how complete an actress my lady had been made by the atrocious necessity of life. Jean letters reveal her motive, pigment in her function of victim. Jean arising against function of victim, relics of one time honorable nature. Greatest humor aspiration. Divorcee far more insurgent than bigamist. Heroines more mortal than Godhead. Bad adult females but still fulfil function of hero admire her for her sense of intent victimised position. Austere ‘passionate, amply sexual femme fatale, who has a cryptic yesteryear, an electrifying nowadays, and a vindictive future’xv presentation. Lydia ‘you know the evil I have committed ‘ Juliet toilet ‘Lydia Gwilt underestimates her ain capacity for humane and generous feeling, eventually doing the ultimate selflessness by puting down her ain life. Her self-destruction is non merely prompted by love, nevertheless, it is besides the consequence of intense wretchedness and self-loathing. ‘ 207. Lydia emotional has ever been control of her actions suicide ultimate signifier of control as she evades penalty for her disgraceful workss. In this analysis, the societal and political alterations that Kilroy identifies as a beginning of anxiousness and fear-married adult females ‘s belongings rights and civil divorce, for example-are liberating, although the Schroeders note Thursday female characters such as Clara Talboys Muse and inspiration interesting stance, the ‘pale governess ‘ 15 old ages pittance return to be married The Victorian Villain Goes A-Governessing In Shakespeare the hero was baronial and remote. La victim merely every bit much as villainess abandoned. Few options workhouse the streets or governessing. Madness convenient fiction see Juliet toilet gumshoe vil googbk Appearance inversion of countenance. Suspicious of sudden displacement in category moility. Free herself from societal limitation. Social order must stay stable. Love makes Lydia refocus her hatred and vindictive nature. Redemption by decease delegating. A character so flawed anti-heroine La wholly focused on her ain societal demands egoistic appears to hold no feelings whatsoever. Ideal heroine person like Florence dombey 1848 of this novel to bind in with 1860s lizzie Hexam our mutal friend 1864 possibly self-denying motherly caring epitome angel. Everything La is non. Abandons kid. Success means money and security no room for love. 298Fatal necessities of privacy†¦ how complete an actress my lady had been made by the atrocious necessity of life. Jean letters reveal her motive, pigment in her function of victim. Jean arising against function of victim, relics of one time honorable nature. Greatest humor aspiration. Divorcee far more insurgent than bigamist. Heroines more mortal than Godhead. Bad adult females but still fulfil function of hero admire her for her sense of intent victimised position. Austere ‘passionate, amply sexual femme fatale, who has a cryptic yesteryear, an electrifying nowadays, and a vindictive future’xv presentation. Lydia ‘you know the evil I have committed ‘ Juliet toilet ‘Lydia Gwilt underestimates her ain capacity for humane and generous feeling, eventually doing the ultimate selflessness by puting down her ain life. Her self-destruction is non merely prompted by love, nevertheless, it is besides the consequence of intense wretchedness and self-loathing. ‘ 207. Lydia emotional has ever been control of her actions suicide ultimate signifier of control as she evades penalty for her disgraceful workss. How to cite The Victorian Villain Goes A Governessing English Literature Essay, Essay examples

As I Lay Dying characters Essay Example For Students

As I Lay Dying characters Essay In William Faulkner s As I Lay Dying, references to the right by numerous characters serve to propel the reader on a quest for truth. Cora and Tull make allusions to what is right as defined by religion, while Cash evokes a more innate sense of right and wrong. Anse has a sense of right that is deceptive to both himself and others, yet it also conveys his view of the world which Faulkner shows to be just as accurate as anyone else s. Faulkner s blending of these versions of right make a unified idea of what is right, even if that idea is at once a confusing and complicated one. Cora and Vernon Tull believe completely in the absolute power of God and that His will is ultimately what will be done. Cora is Vernon s source of strength and faith, and even when he waivers in what he believes to be right, he ultimately sides with his wife. Cora is constantly exclaiming both in speech and in song that I trust in my God and my reward. (70) This belief is a great comfort to Cora. Even when she makes cakes for a wealthy woman in town and the woman changes her mind, Cora only thinks Riches is nothing in the face of the Lord, for He can see into the heart. 7) Cora also believed it right for people to suffer; seeing it as their mortal lot (159). However, this deep faith is also blinding to Cora. Cora is blind to the fact that Addie has an understanding of sin and salvation and right beyond the mere words that she uses. Cora mistakes Addie s lack of faith for vanity and pride, and gets down on her knees in hopes of rescuing her from the clutches of damnation (160). Addie s response to this is that people to whom sin is just a matter of words, to them salvation is just words too. 168) Vernon Tull at times questions whether his wife is altogether right, but then catches himself and pulls himself back. Cora may have seen it as people s mortal lot to suffer, but Vernon questioned this, especially in the case of Vardaman s pain. Vernon says, It aint right. I be durn if it is. Because He said Suffer little children to come onto Me dont make it right, neither. (70) However, Vernon soon catches himself, echoing his earlier references of too much thinking being detrimental to people. He reasons that For the Lord aimed for him to do and not to spend too much time thinking†¦ (68) Vernon Tull generally prefers to remain unconcious and insists that the best is not to tax one s brain as Darl does†¦ (Rossky 181) Ultimately, Vernon doesn t want to think too much of what is right or not right, and simply embraces Cora s beliefs. While the Tulls beliefs are grounded in religion, Cash s idea of the right is based more on innate reason. Cash believes right to be taking pride in human creations and always doing the best possible job (Bedient 206). Cash reflected on his making of his mother s coffin on the bevel to summarize his belief of right. He believed in making things always like it was for your own use and comfort†¦ (224) Beldient writes, Why is this teaching right? Because a man defines himself, not by what he builds, but by the way he builds it†¦ (107) Cash questions his ideas of right when he is forced to weigh the righness of Darl s burning of the barn.